Occurrence, Severity and Temporal Trends of Enzootic Pneumonia-like Lung Lesions in Hungarian Slaughter Pigs, 2018-2022: Insights from Zero-Inflated Mixed-Effects Models.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.
- 2Veterinary Practitioner, H-7630 Pecs, Hungary.
- 3Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
- 4Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex remains a challenge for pig production, and slaughterhouse lung inspection provides a tool for respiratory health monitoring. This study investigated the occurrence, severity, temporal trends, and anatomical distribution of enzootic pneumonia-like lung lesions in Hungarian slaughter pigs between 2018 and 2022 and evaluated associations with farm size. Of the 13,535 lungs examined, 13,499 with complete lobe-level data were analysed using the Madec scoring system, based on 174 slaughterhouse examinations across 38 farms. Zero-inflated mixed-effects models with a negative binomial distribution were used to analyse lesion occurrence and lesion scores. EP-like lesions (Madec score ≥ 1) occurred in 25.3% of lungs, declining from 57.4% in 2018 to 8.6% in 2022, and mean Madec scores decreased from 2.7 to 0.3. Most lungs (91.0%) scored between 0 and 4, whereas 9.0% had moderate-to-severe lesions (scores 5-28). Lesions were most frequent and severe in the cardiac and apical lobes and showed greater involvement of the right-sided lobes. Farm size was not significantly associated with either model component, although structural zero probabilities were lowest for small and highest for large farms. Structural-zero probability increased over time, indicating that declining overall Madec scores mainly reflected structural zeros rather than conditional-score changes.
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BibTeX
@article{paszerbovics2026occurrence,
title = {{Occurrence, Severity and Temporal Trends of Enzootic Pneumonia-like Lung Lesions in Hungarian Slaughter Pigs, 2018-2022: Insights from Zero-Inflated Mixed-Effects Models.}},
author = {Bettina Paszerbovics and Péter Máté and Andrea Harnos and László Ózsvári},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/ani16193033},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883001},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Occurrence, Severity and Temporal Trends of Enzootic Pneumonia-like Lung Lesions in Hungarian Slaughter Pigs, 2018-2022: Insights from Zero-Inflated Mixed-Effects Models.
AU - Bettina Paszerbovics
AU - Péter Máté
AU - Andrea Harnos
AU - László Ózsvári
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/26
JO - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
DO - 10.3390/ani16193033
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883001
AB - Porcine respiratory disease complex remains a challenge for pig production, and slaughterhouse lung inspection provides a tool for respiratory health monitoring. This study investigated the occurrence, severity, temporal trends, and anatomical distribution of enzootic pneumonia-like lung lesions in Hungarian slaughter pigs between 2018 and 2022 and evaluated associations with farm size. Of the 13,535 lungs examined, 13,499 with complete lobe-level data were analysed using the Madec scoring system, based on 174 slaughterhouse examinations across 38 farms. Zero-inflated mixed-effects models with a negative binomial distribution were used to analyse lesion occurrence and lesion scores. EP-like lesions (Madec score ≥ 1) occurred in 25.3% of lungs, declining from 57.4% in 2018 to 8.6% in 2022, and mean Madec scores decreased from 2.7 to 0.3. Most lungs (91.0%) scored between 0 and 4, whereas 9.0% had moderate-to-severe lesions (scores 5-28). Lesions were most frequent and severe in the cardiac and apical lobes and showed greater involvement of the right-sided lobes. Farm size was not significantly associated with either model component, although structural zero probabilities were lowest for small and highest for large farms. Structural-zero probability increased over time, indicating that declining overall Madec scores mainly reflected structural zeros rather than conditional-score changes.
SN - 2076-2615
ER -