High-efficiency photonic GHZ measurements with linear optics
Abstract
Probabilistic and destructive Bell-measurements, also known as fusions, constitute a fundamental primitive for photonic quantum technologies. These operations rely only on pairwise photonic interference, whereas the computational power of photonic quantum systems originates from many-body interference. Here, we introduce a family of high-efficiency linear-optical GHZ measurements based on four-mode interferometers and show that incorporating many-body interference into this ubiquitous primitive leads to more efficient entangling operations. For the four-photon case, the success probability is 9/32, and adaptive variants ensure that unsuccessful events project onto useful stabilizer states. We further show that the approach naturally generalizes to larger GHZ measurements, yielding an exponentially higher success probability than previous linear-optical schemes. Finally, we demonstrate practical advantages for graph-state resource generation, entanglement distribution between remote spin-photon interfaces, and fusion-based quantum computing. Our results establish high-efficiency many-body measurements as a new primitive for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
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BibTeX
@misc{hoven2026highefficiency,
title = {{High-efficiency photonic GHZ measurements with linear optics}},
author = {Stefan N. van den Hoven and Love A. Pettersson and Anders S. Sørensen and Stefano Paesani},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41524},
eprint = {2610.41524},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41524},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - High-efficiency photonic GHZ measurements with linear optics
AU - Stefan N. van den Hoven
AU - Love A. Pettersson
AU - Anders S. Sørensen
AU - Stefano Paesani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41524
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41524
AB - Probabilistic and destructive Bell-measurements, also known as fusions, constitute a fundamental primitive for photonic quantum technologies. These operations rely only on pairwise photonic interference, whereas the computational power of photonic quantum systems originates from many-body interference. Here, we introduce a family of high-efficiency linear-optical GHZ measurements based on four-mode interferometers and show that incorporating many-body interference into this ubiquitous primitive leads to more efficient entangling operations. For the four-photon case, the success probability is 9/32, and adaptive variants ensure that unsuccessful events project onto useful stabilizer states. We further show that the approach naturally generalizes to larger GHZ measurements, yielding an exponentially higher success probability than previous linear-optical schemes. Finally, we demonstrate practical advantages for graph-state resource generation, entanglement distribution between remote spin-photon interfaces, and fusion-based quantum computing. Our results establish high-efficiency many-body measurements as a new primitive for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
ER -