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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Density evolution at fluid-fluid interfaces: A generalized Gibbs-Duhem theory

  • Fei Wang
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Abstract

The classical Gibbs-Duhem relation applies to quasi-static processes and neglects kinetic effects, leaving a fundamental gap between Gibbs thermodynamics and Newtonian mechanics. Here, we derive a generalized Gibbs-Duhem framework that incorporates kinetic contributions, thereby establishing a unified connection between classical thermodynamics and Newtonian mechanics. Based on this framework, we propose an alternative evolution equation governing density dynamics at fluid-fluid interfaces. In appropriate limiting cases, the resulting density evolution equation naturally recovers the definition of the speed of sound, Bernoulli's law, and the van der Waals equation of state (EOS).

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{wang2026density,
  title = {{Density evolution at fluid-fluid interfaces: A generalized Gibbs-Duhem theory}},
  author = {Fei Wang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.11988},
  eprint = {2607.11988},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11988},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Density evolution at fluid-fluid interfaces: A generalized Gibbs-Duhem theory
AU  - Fei Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/31
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.11988
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11988
AB  - The classical Gibbs-Duhem relation applies to quasi-static processes and neglects kinetic effects, leaving a fundamental gap between Gibbs thermodynamics and Newtonian mechanics. Here, we derive a generalized Gibbs-Duhem framework that incorporates kinetic contributions, thereby establishing a unified connection between classical thermodynamics and Newtonian mechanics. Based on this framework, we propose an alternative evolution equation governing density dynamics at fluid-fluid interfaces. In appropriate limiting cases, the resulting density evolution equation naturally recovers the definition of the speed of sound, Bernoulli's law, and the van der Waals equation of state (EOS).
ER  -