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Peer-reviewedCC BYViruses

HTLV Seroprevalence and Associated Factors Among Blood Donors in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up, 2013-2022.

  • Xiaoxuan Xu1
  • Dian Wang2
  • Guiwen Guan3
  • Guochao Wei2
  • Linfeng Wu1
  • Heng Liu1
  • Ran Li1
  • Haobiao Wang1
  • Tingting Chen1
  • Fengmin Lu2
  • Yuanye Xue1
  • Xiangmei Chen2
1 more authors
  • Jinfeng Zeng1
  1. 1Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen 518035, China.
  2. 2Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
  3. 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712199, China.
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Abstract

Background

Blood transfusion is a major route of Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) transmission. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HTLV seroprevalence among blood donors in Shenzhen, with secondary investigations covering signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) predictive value, longitudinal follow-up, epidemiological characteristics, and possible familial clustering.Methods

Retrospective analysis was conducted on 512,200 Shenzhen Blood Center donors (2014-2022, with partial 2013 data). ELISA was utilized for initial HTLV screening, with MP, INNO-LIA and qPCR for confirmation. Confirmed cases received questionnaire follow-up and retesting. Some relatives of confirmed cases also received HTLV-1/2 testing.Results

Among 512,200 donors, 203 were screening-reactive, with 18 confirmed-positive cases (3.51 per 100,000 donors; 95% CI: 2.08-5.55) and 10 indeterminate cases. The screening-reactive rate declined significantly over the decade (p < 0.001), whereas the confirmed-positive rate remained low and showed no significant temporal trend (p = 0.363). Among initially screening-reactive donors, high S/CO values strongly predicted confirmatory positivity, whereas low-level reactivity was mostly transient. Questionnaire data were available for 9 of the 18 confirmed-positive donors (50.0%) and 51 control donors. In this exploratory analysis, only invasive medical procedures occurring in Fujian remained significantly associated with infection (adjusted p = 0.010). Two of the 10 tested family members were confirmed-positive, suggesting possible familial clustering.Conclusions

The confirmed prevalence of HTLV among Shenzhen blood donors was extremely low, and screening reactivity declined significantly over the ten-year period. Screening S/CO values strongly predicted confirmatory results. Fujian-related invasive medical procedures and possible familial clustering are exploratory findings that require confirmation in larger studies. Continued donor screening and blood safety surveillance remain warranted.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xu2026htlv,
  title = {{HTLV Seroprevalence and Associated Factors Among Blood Donors in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up, 2013-2022.}},
  author = {Xiaoxuan Xu and Dian Wang and Guiwen Guan and Guochao Wei and Linfeng Wu and Heng Liu and Ran Li and Haobiao Wang and Tingting Chen and Fengmin Lu and Yuanye Xue and Xiangmei Chen and Jinfeng Zeng},
  journal = {Viruses},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3390/v18101058},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943977},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - HTLV Seroprevalence and Associated Factors Among Blood Donors in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up, 2013-2022.
AU  - Xiaoxuan Xu
AU  - Dian Wang
AU  - Guiwen Guan
AU  - Guochao Wei
AU  - Linfeng Wu
AU  - Heng Liu
AU  - Ran Li
AU  - Haobiao Wang
AU  - Tingting Chen
AU  - Fengmin Lu
AU  - Yuanye Xue
AU  - Xiangmei Chen
AU  - Jinfeng Zeng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/24
JO  - Viruses
DO  - 10.3390/v18101058
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943977
AB  - Background  Blood transfusion is a major route of Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) transmission. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HTLV seroprevalence among blood donors in Shenzhen, with secondary investigations covering signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) predictive value, longitudinal follow-up, epidemiological characteristics, and possible familial clustering.Methods  Retrospective analysis was conducted on 512,200 Shenzhen Blood Center donors (2014-2022, with partial 2013 data). ELISA was utilized for initial HTLV screening, with MP, INNO-LIA and qPCR for confirmation. Confirmed cases received questionnaire follow-up and retesting. Some relatives of confirmed cases also received HTLV-1/2 testing.Results  Among 512,200 donors, 203 were screening-reactive, with 18 confirmed-positive cases (3.51 per 100,000 donors; 95% CI: 2.08-5.55) and 10 indeterminate cases. The screening-reactive rate declined significantly over the decade (p < 0.001), whereas the confirmed-positive rate remained low and showed no significant temporal trend (p = 0.363). Among initially screening-reactive donors, high S/CO values strongly predicted confirmatory positivity, whereas low-level reactivity was mostly transient. Questionnaire data were available for 9 of the 18 confirmed-positive donors (50.0%) and 51 control donors. In this exploratory analysis, only invasive medical procedures occurring in Fujian remained significantly associated with infection (adjusted p = 0.010). Two of the 10 tested family members were confirmed-positive, suggesting possible familial clustering.Conclusions  The confirmed prevalence of HTLV among Shenzhen blood donors was extremely low, and screening reactivity declined significantly over the ten-year period. Screening S/CO values strongly predicted confirmatory results. Fujian-related invasive medical procedures and possible familial clustering are exploratory findings that require confirmation in larger studies. Continued donor screening and blood safety surveillance remain warranted.
SN  - 1999-4915
ER  -