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Peer-reviewedCC BYnpj Science of Food

BHOD: a bone health optimized dietary pattern designed for osteoporosis prevention

  • Yi Zheng1
  • Yucan Li1
  • Yawen Gao2
  • Xiao Liang1
  • Jincheng Li1
  • Chen Suo3
  • Yanfeng Jiang1
  • Li Jin1
  • Kelin Xu3
  • Xingdong Chen1
  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Public Health, Human Phenome Institute, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
  2. 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University
  3. 3Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University
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Abstract

Existing dietary patterns were not specifically designed to target osteoporosis and lack the precision required for effective prevention. We aimed to develop a Bone Health Optimized Diet (BHOD) that is tailored to more precisely reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Using dietary data from 183,092 UK Biobank (UKB) participants, we combined food–wide association analysis with machine learning to develop the BHOD. We identified 10 important osteoporosis-related food groups and integrated them to construct the BHOD. The protective association was observed between BHOD and the risk of osteoporosis, which was validated in both the UKB validation set and the NHANES population. Furthermore, the BHOD showed broad protective associations with other musculoskeletal disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Importantly, high adherence to the BHOD mitigated the negative impact of genetic susceptibility on osteoporosis, with particularly pronounced benefits observed among individuals at high genetic risk. The multi-omics analysis identified multiple biomarkers (7 proteins, 66 metabolites, and 5 inflammatory markers) jointly associated with BHOD and osteoporosis risk, highlighting immune-inflammatory regulation and lipid metabolism as key biological pathways linking diet to bone loss.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zheng2026bhod,
  title = {{BHOD: a bone health optimized dietary pattern designed for osteoporosis prevention}},
  author = {Yi Zheng and Yucan Li and Yawen Gao and Xiao Liang and Jincheng Li and Chen Suo and Yanfeng Jiang and Li Jin and Kelin Xu and Xingdong Chen},
  journal = {npj Science of Food},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1038/s41538-026-00963-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-00963-9},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - BHOD: a bone health optimized dietary pattern designed for osteoporosis prevention
AU  - Yi Zheng
AU  - Yucan Li
AU  - Yawen Gao
AU  - Xiao Liang
AU  - Jincheng Li
AU  - Chen Suo
AU  - Yanfeng Jiang
AU  - Li Jin
AU  - Kelin Xu
AU  - Xingdong Chen
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - npj Science of Food
DO  - 10.1038/s41538-026-00963-9
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-00963-9
AB  - Existing dietary patterns were not specifically designed to target osteoporosis and lack the precision required for effective prevention. We aimed to develop a Bone Health Optimized Diet (BHOD) that is tailored to more precisely reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Using dietary data from 183,092 UK Biobank (UKB) participants, we combined food–wide association analysis with machine learning to develop the BHOD. We identified 10 important osteoporosis-related food groups and integrated them to construct the BHOD. The protective association was observed between BHOD and the risk of osteoporosis, which was validated in both the UKB validation set and the NHANES population. Furthermore, the BHOD showed broad protective associations with other musculoskeletal disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Importantly, high adherence to the BHOD mitigated the negative impact of genetic susceptibility on osteoporosis, with particularly pronounced benefits observed among individuals at high genetic risk. The multi-omics analysis identified multiple biomarkers (7 proteins, 66 metabolites, and 5 inflammatory markers) jointly associated with BHOD and osteoporosis risk, highlighting immune-inflammatory regulation and lipid metabolism as key biological pathways linking diet to bone loss.
SN  - 2396-8370
ER  -