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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Physics of the QCD Trace Anomaly and Renormalization in a Reducible Basis

  • Chen Yang
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Abstract

The QCD trace anomaly is a well-established textbook result in quantum field theory with several prominent features: (1) it arises from the quantum breaking of scale symmetry at ultraviolet (UV) scales, yet its full renormalized expression is independent of the particular UV regulator used, whether lattice or dimensional regularization; (2) although nominally of order αs, it is free of renormalization-scheme ambiguity; and (3) it is free of UV divergences and therefore scale independent. We show that renormalization in a reducible operator basis introduces additional convention dependence in its separation into quark and gluon parts, which do not share the properties of the whole anomaly itself. An irreducible decomposition instead keeps the trace anomaly as a single, convention-free component, and gives transparent physical meanings to anomaly-related nucleon physics, including the nucleon mass structure and internal forces.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{yang2026physics,
  title = {{Physics of the QCD Trace Anomaly and Renormalization in a Reducible Basis}},
  author = {Chen Yang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.01002},
  eprint = {2608.01002},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01002},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Physics of the QCD Trace Anomaly and Renormalization in a Reducible Basis
AU  - Chen Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.01002
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01002
AB  - The QCD trace anomaly is a well-established textbook result in quantum field theory with several prominent features: (1) it arises from the quantum breaking of scale symmetry at ultraviolet (UV) scales, yet its full renormalized expression is independent of the particular UV regulator used, whether lattice or dimensional regularization; (2) although nominally of order α_s, it is free of renormalization-scheme ambiguity; and (3) it is free of UV divergences and therefore scale independent. We show that renormalization in a reducible operator basis introduces additional convention dependence in its separation into quark and gluon parts, which do not share the properties of the whole anomaly itself. An irreducible decomposition instead keeps the trace anomaly as a single, convention-free component, and gives transparent physical meanings to anomaly-related nucleon physics, including the nucleon mass structure and internal forces.
ER  -