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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in pharmacology

Phytochemical characterization and effects of Dolomiaea costus root extract on ovariectomy-induced metabolic, skeletal, and uterine alterations in rats

  • Tahany Saleh Aldayel1
  • Hany Salah Mahmoud2
  • Heba M. A. Abdelrazek3
  • Doaa H. Elsayed4
  • Mona A. Higo5
  • Enas E. Eltamany6
  • Heba Nageh Gad EL-Hak7
7 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , ,
  2. 2Center of Scientific Foundation for Experimental Studies and Research , ,
  3. 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University , ,
  4. 4Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University , ,
  5. 5Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University , ,
  6. 6Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , ,
  7. 7Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University , ,
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Abstract

Background: Estrogen deficiency following ovariectomy produces metabolic, skeletal, and uterine alterations.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated an authenticated and chemically characterized dichloromethane–methanol (1:1, v/v) root extract of Dolomiaea costus (Syn. Saussurea costus ) in ovariectomized female Wistar rats. Thirty rats were assigned to sham-operated, ovariectomized untreated, and ovariectomized extract-treated groups. Beginning 3 weeks after surgery, the treated group received the extract orally at 300 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 weeks. Metabolic and lipid variables, adipokines, antioxidant status, and bone-related biomarkers were determined. Uterine, femoral, hepatic, and adipose tissues were examined histologically, while estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) immunoreactivity were evaluated. The extract was characterized using spectrophotometric assays, GC–MS, and HPLC-DAD.

Results: Ovariectomy was associated with increased body and adipose-tissue mass, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, altered adipokine concentrations, decreased antioxidant capacity, and structural alterations in the uterus, bone, liver, and adipose tissue. Compared with untreated ovariectomized rats, extract administration was associated with improvements in several biochemical and histological outcomes and with increased uterine ER-α immunoreactivity. Chemical profiling indicated the presence of sesquiterpene lactones, fatty-acid derivatives, and phenolic metabolites.

Conclusion: Increased ER-α immunoreactivity is consistent with an estrogen-responsive effect but does not establish direct estrogen-receptor agonism. These preclinical findings support further standardized pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of the extract; they do not establish efficacy or safety in menopausal women.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{aldayel2026phytochemical,
  title = {{Phytochemical characterization and effects of Dolomiaea costus root extract on ovariectomy-induced metabolic, skeletal, and uterine alterations in rats}},
  author = {Tahany Saleh Aldayel and Hany Salah Mahmoud and Heba M. A. Abdelrazek and Doaa H. Elsayed and Mona A. Higo and Enas E. Eltamany and Heba Nageh Gad EL-Hak},
  journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fphar.2026.1841164},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13690945},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phytochemical characterization and effects of Dolomiaea costus root extract on ovariectomy-induced metabolic, skeletal, and uterine alterations in rats
AU  - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
AU  - Hany Salah Mahmoud
AU  - Heba M. A. Abdelrazek
AU  - Doaa H. Elsayed
AU  - Mona A. Higo
AU  - Enas E. Eltamany
AU  - Heba Nageh Gad EL-Hak
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/09
JO  - Frontiers in pharmacology
DO  - 10.3389/fphar.2026.1841164
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13690945
AB  - Background: Estrogen deficiency following ovariectomy produces metabolic, skeletal, and uterine alterations.  Methods: In this study, we evaluated an authenticated and chemically characterized dichloromethane–methanol (1:1, v/v) root extract of Dolomiaea costus (Syn. Saussurea costus ) in ovariectomized female Wistar rats. Thirty rats were assigned to sham-operated, ovariectomized untreated, and ovariectomized extract-treated groups. Beginning 3 weeks after surgery, the treated group received the extract orally at 300 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 weeks. Metabolic and lipid variables, adipokines, antioxidant status, and bone-related biomarkers were determined. Uterine, femoral, hepatic, and adipose tissues were examined histologically, while estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) immunoreactivity were evaluated. The extract was characterized using spectrophotometric assays, GC–MS, and HPLC-DAD.  Results: Ovariectomy was associated with increased body and adipose-tissue mass, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, altered adipokine concentrations, decreased antioxidant capacity, and structural alterations in the uterus, bone, liver, and adipose tissue. Compared with untreated ovariectomized rats, extract administration was associated with improvements in several biochemical and histological outcomes and with increased uterine ER-α immunoreactivity. Chemical profiling indicated the presence of sesquiterpene lactones, fatty-acid derivatives, and phenolic metabolites.  Conclusion: Increased ER-α immunoreactivity is consistent with an estrogen-responsive effect but does not establish direct estrogen-receptor agonism. These preclinical findings support further standardized pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of the extract; they do not establish efficacy or safety in menopausal women.
SN  - 1663-9812
ER  -