Bio-inks for skin regeneration: phase-adaptive design, multifunctional platforms, and 4D bioprinting frontiers.
- 1Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- 2Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Abstract
Chronic wounds and scarring represent major clinical challenges owing to dysregulated tissue repair processes. The emergence of 3D bioprinting offers a promising approach by enabling the fabrication of biomimetic skin substitutes that enhance chronic wound management and facilitate scar modulation. This review provides a phase-oriented framework linking bio-ink properties with the dynamic biological requirements of each wound-healing stage, integrating material engineering, regenerative mechanisms, and translational challenges with a particular focus on establishing phase-specific relationships between bioink properties and wound-healing requirements. By synthesizing recent evidence, we identify a critical gap: phase-specific bio-ink design remains largely underdeveloped and is often only implicitly considered in current analyses of healing phases. Furthermore, we highlight emerging 4D bioprinting strategies and propose that adaptive 4D bio-inks, guided by multi-omics datasets, could facilitate the development of stage-responsive systems capable of adapting therapeutic delivery to the evolving biological requirements of wound repair. Such advancements hold considerable potential to contribute to advancing chronic wound treatment and promote improved scar outcomes.
Related
- Advances in 3D bioprinting of immunoregulatory biomaterials for bone regeneration
- Design and modelling of personalised multifunctional furniture based on smart networks and cloud rendering platforms
- Potential of Chitosan-Based Systems Integrating Therapeutic Ions, Mesoporous Silica and SPIONs as Next-Generation Multifunctional Platforms for Diabetic Wound Healing
- The Potential of Cytokinins as Innovative Components of Multifunctional Biomaterials: Mechanisms of Biological Activity and Potential in Tissue Regeneration—In Vitro Studies—Review
- Multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds for endogenous osteochondral regeneration
BibTeX
@article{bahrami2026bioinks,
title = {{Bio-inks for skin regeneration: phase-adaptive design, multifunctional platforms, and 4D bioprinting frontiers.}},
author = {Gita Bahrami and Aiwei Ma and Ruyi Fan and Chenggang Yi},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2026.1919338},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846784},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Bio-inks for skin regeneration: phase-adaptive design, multifunctional platforms, and 4D bioprinting frontiers.
AU - Gita Bahrami
AU - Aiwei Ma
AU - Ruyi Fan
AU - Chenggang Yi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/23
JO - Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
DO - 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1919338
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846784
AB - Chronic wounds and scarring represent major clinical challenges owing to dysregulated tissue repair processes. The emergence of 3D bioprinting offers a promising approach by enabling the fabrication of biomimetic skin substitutes that enhance chronic wound management and facilitate scar modulation. This review provides a phase-oriented framework linking bio-ink properties with the dynamic biological requirements of each wound-healing stage, integrating material engineering, regenerative mechanisms, and translational challenges with a particular focus on establishing phase-specific relationships between bioink properties and wound-healing requirements. By synthesizing recent evidence, we identify a critical gap: phase-specific bio-ink design remains largely underdeveloped and is often only implicitly considered in current analyses of healing phases. Furthermore, we highlight emerging 4D bioprinting strategies and propose that adaptive 4D bio-inks, guided by multi-omics datasets, could facilitate the development of stage-responsive systems capable of adapting therapeutic delivery to the evolving biological requirements of wound repair. Such advancements hold considerable potential to contribute to advancing chronic wound treatment and promote improved scar outcomes.
SN - 2296-4185
ER -