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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Biomolecules

Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Secreted Factors Enhance Exercise-Associated Myokine Expression in Skeletal Muscle

  • Sachiko Sasajima1,2
  • Saki Kanada3
  • Eriko Katayama3
  • Nobuhisa Nakamura1,2
  • Megumi Miyabe1,2
  • Masaki Hata4
  • Tomokazu Saiki1,2
  • Tomomi Minato1,2
  • Ken Miyazawa3
  • Shigemi Goto3
  • Tatsuaki Matsubara1,5
  • Keiko Naruse1,2
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
  2. 2Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
  3. 3Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
  4. 4Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
  5. 5The Graduate Center of Human Sciences, Aichi Mizuho College, Nagoya 467-0867, Japan
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Abstract

Exercise-induced myokines not only regulate skeletal muscle physiology but also enter circulation and exert beneficial effects on distant organs. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered promising tools for regenerative medicine, largely because of the diverse bioactive factors they secrete. In this study, we investigated the effects of DPSC-secreted factors (DPSC-SFs) on exercise-associated responses in skeletal muscle. C2C12 myoblasts and differentiated myotubes were treated with DPSC-SFs, and myokine expression and secretion were assessed using quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. In addition, DPSC-SFs were injected into the hindlimb skeletal muscles of Sprague–Dawley rats, followed by assessment of myokine expression and muscle strength. DPSC-SFs significantly increased the gene expression and protein secretion of follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) in C2C12 myoblasts and increased the expression of FSTL1 and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, intramuscular administration of DPSC-SFs increased the gene and protein expression of FSTL1 and FGF21 in rat skeletal muscle and was accompanied by an increase in muscle strength. These findings suggest that DPSC-SFs may induce selected molecular and functional responses associated with exercise, particularly the upregulation of the exercise-associated myokines FSTL1 and FGF21 and an increase in muscle strength.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{sasajima2026dental,
  title = {{Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Secreted Factors Enhance Exercise-Associated Myokine Expression in Skeletal Muscle}},
  author = {Sachiko Sasajima and Saki Kanada and Eriko Katayama and Nobuhisa Nakamura and Megumi Miyabe and Masaki Hata and Tomokazu Saiki and Tomomi Minato and Ken Miyazawa and Shigemi Goto and Tatsuaki Matsubara and Keiko Naruse},
  journal = {Biomolecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/biom16111550},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/11/1550},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Secreted Factors Enhance Exercise-Associated Myokine Expression in Skeletal Muscle
AU  - Sachiko Sasajima
AU  - Saki Kanada
AU  - Eriko Katayama
AU  - Nobuhisa Nakamura
AU  - Megumi Miyabe
AU  - Masaki Hata
AU  - Tomokazu Saiki
AU  - Tomomi Minato
AU  - Ken Miyazawa
AU  - Shigemi Goto
AU  - Tatsuaki Matsubara
AU  - Keiko Naruse
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - Biomolecules
DO  - 10.3390/biom16111550
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/11/1550
AB  - Exercise-induced myokines not only regulate skeletal muscle physiology but also enter circulation and exert beneficial effects on distant organs. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered promising tools for regenerative medicine, largely because of the diverse bioactive factors they secrete. In this study, we investigated the effects of DPSC-secreted factors (DPSC-SFs) on exercise-associated responses in skeletal muscle. C2C12 myoblasts and differentiated myotubes were treated with DPSC-SFs, and myokine expression and secretion were assessed using quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. In addition, DPSC-SFs were injected into the hindlimb skeletal muscles of Sprague–Dawley rats, followed by assessment of myokine expression and muscle strength. DPSC-SFs significantly increased the gene expression and protein secretion of follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) in C2C12 myoblasts and increased the expression of FSTL1 and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, intramuscular administration of DPSC-SFs increased the gene and protein expression of FSTL1 and FGF21 in rat skeletal muscle and was accompanied by an increase in muscle strength. These findings suggest that DPSC-SFs may induce selected molecular and functional responses associated with exercise, particularly the upregulation of the exercise-associated myokines FSTL1 and FGF21 and an increase in muscle strength.
SN  - 2218-273X
ER  -