Effects of a Suspension Training Warm-Up on Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance in Highly Active Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
- 1Human Performance Lab, Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ 07764, USA.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Warm-up before cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) typically includes low-intensity aerobic activity. Whether a dynamic suspension-training warm-up represents a comparable alternative remains unknown. This study compared the cardiopulmonary responses between a treadmill walking warm-up (WW) and a suspension training warm-up (SW) before CPET in highly active young adults. Methods: Fifteen participants (6 females, 9 males; 21.2 ± 1.90 years) randomly completed both 6 min warm-up conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order before an incremental treadmill CPET using a portable metabolic analyzer. Equivalence of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) was assessed using two one-sided tests with a prespecified bound of ±1 MET (±3.5 mL/kg/min). Results: VO₂ peak between SW (58.8 mL/kg/min; SD = 9.33) and WW (58.9 mL/kg/min; SD = 10.34) did not differ significantly (p = 0.957, d = -0.01). The 90% CI for the differences (-2.48 to 2.33 mL/kg/min) fell within the equivalence bounds (p = 0.010 and p = 0.013). Linear mixed model analyses revealed no significant effect of warm-up on VO₂ peak (F1,13 = 0.003, p = 0.957) with no sequence-order effects (p > 0.05). Other peak CPET cardiopulmonary, perceptual, and performance outcomes did not differ between warm-ups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A SW elicited equivalent VO₂ peak and no significant differences in other CPET outcomes compared to a traditional WW in highly active young adults. These findings provide novel evidence that SW may represent a practical alternative warm-up before CPET in highly active young adults.
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BibTeX
@article{federico2026effects,
title = {{Effects of a Suspension Training Warm-Up on Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance in Highly Active Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial.}},
author = {Robert J Federico and Tiffany A Caba-Abreu and Jamie Pigman and Tamara Rial Rebullido},
journal = {Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/jfmk11040385},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924664},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of a Suspension Training Warm-Up on Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance in Highly Active Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
AU - Robert J Federico
AU - Tiffany A Caba-Abreu
AU - Jamie Pigman
AU - Tamara Rial Rebullido
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
DO - 10.3390/jfmk11040385
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924664
AB - Background and Objectives: Warm-up before cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) typically includes low-intensity aerobic activity. Whether a dynamic suspension-training warm-up represents a comparable alternative remains unknown. This study compared the cardiopulmonary responses between a treadmill walking warm-up (WW) and a suspension training warm-up (SW) before CPET in highly active young adults. Methods: Fifteen participants (6 females, 9 males; 21.2 ± 1.90 years) randomly completed both 6 min warm-up conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order before an incremental treadmill CPET using a portable metabolic analyzer. Equivalence of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) was assessed using two one-sided tests with a prespecified bound of ±1 MET (±3.5 mL/kg/min). Results: VO₂ peak between SW (58.8 mL/kg/min; SD = 9.33) and WW (58.9 mL/kg/min; SD = 10.34) did not differ significantly (p = 0.957, d = -0.01). The 90% CI for the differences (-2.48 to 2.33 mL/kg/min) fell within the equivalence bounds (p = 0.010 and p = 0.013). Linear mixed model analyses revealed no significant effect of warm-up on VO₂ peak (F1,13 = 0.003, p = 0.957) with no sequence-order effects (p > 0.05). Other peak CPET cardiopulmonary, perceptual, and performance outcomes did not differ between warm-ups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A SW elicited equivalent VO₂ peak and no significant differences in other CPET outcomes compared to a traditional WW in highly active young adults. These findings provide novel evidence that SW may represent a practical alternative warm-up before CPET in highly active young adults.
SN - 2411-5142
ER -