Impact of organic spacer cations on the light and thermal stability of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites
Abstract
Long-term stability remains a critical challenge limiting the photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. In these materials, the choice of the organic spacer plays a key role not only in enhancing environmental stability, but also in determining their structural characteristics and carrier dynamics. Here, we present an environmental photo- and thermal-stability analysis of BA2PbI4 and PEA2PbI4 two-dimensional lead halide perovskites by means of confocal micro-Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. We have investigated two different organic spacers, n-butylammonium (BA) and 2-phenylethylammonium (PEA), which provide comparable room-temperature luminescence in freshly exfoliated perovskite nanoflakes and degrade similarly through the removal of organic components and fast crystal phase decomposition into PbI2 and Pb0. However, we observed that the PEA organic cation significantly improves crystal morphology and suppresses lattice defects, resulting in slower degradation and enhanced resistance to light and thermal stress under ambient conditions. Our findings indicate that structural and chemical engineering, along with surface passivation and encapsulation strategies, are essential for achieving long-term stability in two-dimensional halide perovskite devices. Nevertheless, optimizing the balance between stability and device performance remains a critical consideration.
Related
- Single-orbital tight-binding model for chiral one-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites
- Optical-Phonon-Enabled Large Lattice Thermal Conductivity Anisotropy in Hexagonal Perovskites CsBX3 (B = Mg, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I)
- Thermal history controls the optoelectronic response of lead halide perovskites through structure and dynamics
- High-Throughput Photovoltaic Screening and Spacer-Dependent Shift Current in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites
- Polarization-locked chiral persistent spin textures in two-dimensional lead-halide perovskites
BibTeX
@misc{eledathchangarath2026impact,
title = {{Impact of organic spacer cations on the light and thermal stability of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites}},
author = {Mahesh Eledath-Changarath and Jesús Ortiga-Fibla and Andrés F. Gualdrón-Reyes and Jesús Rodríguez-Romero and Iván Mora-Seró and Ana Cros and Núria Garro and Rodolfo Canet-Albiach and Juan P. Martínez-Pastor and Andrii Boichuk and Tetiana Boichuk and Juan F. Sánchez-Royo and Marie Krecmarova},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.35247},
eprint = {2610.35247},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35247},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Impact of organic spacer cations on the light and thermal stability of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites
AU - Mahesh Eledath-Changarath
AU - Jesús Ortiga-Fibla
AU - Andrés F. Gualdrón-Reyes
AU - Jesús Rodríguez-Romero
AU - Iván Mora-Seró
AU - Ana Cros
AU - Núria Garro
AU - Rodolfo Canet-Albiach
AU - Juan P. Martínez-Pastor
AU - Andrii Boichuk
AU - Tetiana Boichuk
AU - Juan F. Sánchez-Royo
AU - Marie Krecmarova
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.35247
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35247
AB - Long-term stability remains a critical challenge limiting the photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. In these materials, the choice of the organic spacer plays a key role not only in enhancing environmental stability, but also in determining their structural characteristics and carrier dynamics. Here, we present an environmental photo- and thermal-stability analysis of BA2PbI4 and PEA2PbI4 two-dimensional lead halide perovskites by means of confocal micro-Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. We have investigated two different organic spacers, n-butylammonium (BA) and 2-phenylethylammonium (PEA), which provide comparable room-temperature luminescence in freshly exfoliated perovskite nanoflakes and degrade similarly through the removal of organic components and fast crystal phase decomposition into PbI2 and Pb0. However, we observed that the PEA organic cation significantly improves crystal morphology and suppresses lattice defects, resulting in slower degradation and enhanced resistance to light and thermal stress under ambient conditions. Our findings indicate that structural and chemical engineering, along with surface passivation and encapsulation strategies, are essential for achieving long-term stability in two-dimensional halide perovskite devices. Nevertheless, optimizing the balance between stability and device performance remains a critical consideration.
ER -