Engine operational characteristics of carbon nanotube-doped algae biodiesel with higher alcohol fuel blends
7 affiliations
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syed Ammal Engineering College
- 2Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering
- 3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istinye University
- 4School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand
- 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University
- 6Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences
- 7Department of Physics, Sri Raaja Raajan College of Engineering Technology
Abstract
This paper experimentally investigates how carbon nanotube additives affect the performance, combustion, and emission properties of a diesel engine fuelled by an oxygenated ternary blend. The base fuel mixture was the mixture of diesel (80%), biodiesel (10%), and propanol (10%), and single-walled (SW), double-walled (DW), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW) were incorporated at 100 ppm. A one-cylinder diesel engine was used to test engine experiment under different load conditions. It was found that the addition of the carbon nanotubes increased the combustion behavior by increasing the rate of heat release and stabilizing the in-cylinder pressure development. On average, thermal efficiency was improved by 1.78% and 2.14% with DW and MW respectively, whereas all blends with oxygenated content had higher specific fuel consumption because of lower heating value. The nano-enhanced ternary blends showed considerable emission reductions with an average of 35.52% reduction in hydrocarbon emissions and a maximum reduction of 34.43% in the nitrogen oxides. The emissions of carbon monoxide were also minimized in most of the operating conditions. As shown by the findings, the morphology and geometry of carbon nanotubes are a key element in maintaining a balanced level of combustion, engine performance, and engine emission reduction with DW and MW having a more desirable balance than SW in oxygenated ternary blends of fuels.
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BibTeX
@article{sathasivam2026engine,
title = {{Engine operational characteristics of carbon nanotube-doped algae biodiesel with higher alcohol fuel blends}},
author = {Karthikeyan Sathasivam and N. Punitha and Ilhami Colak and J. Arunprasad and S. Rajkumar and Muthuraman Subbiah and A. Prathima},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-67267-6},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67267-6},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Engine operational characteristics of carbon nanotube-doped algae biodiesel with higher alcohol fuel blends
AU - Karthikeyan Sathasivam
AU - N. Punitha
AU - Ilhami Colak
AU - J. Arunprasad
AU - S. Rajkumar
AU - Muthuraman Subbiah
AU - A. Prathima
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-67267-6
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67267-6
AB - This paper experimentally investigates how carbon nanotube additives affect the performance, combustion, and emission properties of a diesel engine fuelled by an oxygenated ternary blend. The base fuel mixture was the mixture of diesel (80%), biodiesel (10%), and propanol (10%), and single-walled (SW), double-walled (DW), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW) were incorporated at 100 ppm. A one-cylinder diesel engine was used to test engine experiment under different load conditions. It was found that the addition of the carbon nanotubes increased the combustion behavior by increasing the rate of heat release and stabilizing the in-cylinder pressure development. On average, thermal efficiency was improved by 1.78% and 2.14% with DW and MW respectively, whereas all blends with oxygenated content had higher specific fuel consumption because of lower heating value. The nano-enhanced ternary blends showed considerable emission reductions with an average of 35.52% reduction in hydrocarbon emissions and a maximum reduction of 34.43% in the nitrogen oxides. The emissions of carbon monoxide were also minimized in most of the operating conditions. As shown by the findings, the morphology and geometry of carbon nanotubes are a key element in maintaining a balanced level of combustion, engine performance, and engine emission reduction with DW and MW having a more desirable balance than SW in oxygenated ternary blends of fuels.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -