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Peer-reviewedCC BYMajalah Kardiologi Indonesia

Association of Visceral Adiposity, Core Skeletal Muscle Mass, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, and Renal Function (CKD-EPI) with Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Nathanael Ryan Hansel Wijaya1
  • Ronald Winardi Kartika2
  • Andria Priyana3
  • Yohanes Firmansyah4
4 affiliations
  1. 1General Practitioner, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  2. 2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  3. 3Department of Cardiology and Vascular, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  4. 4Department of Physiology, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular risk prediction increasingly incorporates markers of adiposity, muscle composition, and metabolic function. This study examined the associations among visceral adiposity, Core Skeletal Muscle Mass (CSMM), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), and renal function assessed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation in relation to the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FRS) in adults, aiming to elucidate their interrelated contributions to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevention.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 adults aged 30–75 years. Visceral adiposity, CSMM, AIP, and CKD-EPI were measured and analyzed alongside FRS. Path analysis using SmartPLS assessed direct and indirect associations. The sample size and analytical framework followed current epidemiological standards for body composition indices and risk prediction models.

Results: Visceral adiposity demonstrated a strong positive association with AIP (? = 0.339), which in turn correlated with both CKD-EPI (? = 0.030) and the FRS (? = 0.389). CSMM was inversely related to AIP (? = ?0.070), suggesting a protective effect, while CKD-EPI showed a modest negative association with the FRS (? = ?0.080). The overall model indicated that visceral adiposity and AIP are key mediators in cardiovascular risk estimation among adults.

Conclusions: Visceral adiposity and AIP are significantly linked to cardiovascular risk as quantified by the FRS, with renal function and skeletal muscle mass serving as secondary modulators. These findings highlight the importance of integrating adiposity and metabolic markers into CVD risk stratification, supporting tailored preventive strategies in clinical practice.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wijaya2026association,
  title = {{Association of Visceral Adiposity, Core Skeletal Muscle Mass, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, and Renal Function (CKD-EPI) with Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study}},
  author = {Nathanael Ryan Hansel Wijaya and Ronald Winardi Kartika and Andria Priyana and Yohanes Firmansyah},
  journal = {Majalah Kardiologi Indonesia},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.30701/ijc.2103},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.2103},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association of Visceral Adiposity, Core Skeletal Muscle Mass, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, and Renal Function (CKD-EPI) with Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
AU  - Nathanael Ryan Hansel Wijaya
AU  - Ronald Winardi Kartika
AU  - Andria Priyana
AU  - Yohanes Firmansyah
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/25
JO  - Majalah Kardiologi Indonesia
DO  - 10.30701/ijc.2103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.2103
AB  - Background: Cardiovascular risk prediction increasingly incorporates markers of adiposity, muscle composition, and metabolic function. This study examined the associations among visceral adiposity, Core Skeletal Muscle Mass (CSMM), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), and renal function assessed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation in relation to the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FRS) in adults, aiming to elucidate their interrelated contributions to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevention.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 adults aged 30–75 years. Visceral adiposity, CSMM, AIP, and CKD-EPI were measured and analyzed alongside FRS. Path analysis using SmartPLS assessed direct and indirect associations. The sample size and analytical framework followed current epidemiological standards for body composition indices and risk prediction models.  Results: Visceral adiposity demonstrated a strong positive association with AIP (? = 0.339), which in turn correlated with both CKD-EPI (? = 0.030) and the FRS (? = 0.389). CSMM was inversely related to AIP (? = ?0.070), suggesting a protective effect, while CKD-EPI showed a modest negative association with the FRS (? = ?0.080). The overall model indicated that visceral adiposity and AIP are key mediators in cardiovascular risk estimation among adults.  Conclusions: Visceral adiposity and AIP are significantly linked to cardiovascular risk as quantified by the FRS, with renal function and skeletal muscle mass serving as secondary modulators. These findings highlight the importance of integrating adiposity and metabolic markers into CVD risk stratification, supporting tailored preventive strategies in clinical practice.
SN  - 0126-3773
SN  - 2620-4762
ER  -