Optimization of Energy Trading in Hydrogen-Integrated Storage Systems Based on Renewable Energy Profiles
- 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Türkiye
- 2Department of Electric and Energy, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Türkiye
- 3Türkiye Electricity Transmission Company, Sakarya 54100, Türkiye
Abstract
Community-based energy sharing requires a local trading mechanism that provides economic incentives for both energy suppliers and consumers. This study proposes OptiPro, a framework for enabling a residential local energy market in which renewable-energy producers and storage owners can sell available electricity at prices above conventional grid-export tariffs, while purchasing households can obtain electricity below external retail rates. Its central contribution is the coordinated operation and evaluation of this mutually beneficial trading arrangement across heterogeneous residential participants. A bi-level optimization model, reformulated using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and the Big-M method, coordinates photovoltaic and wind generation, individual and shared battery storage, and hydrogen storage as enabling resources for the local market. The framework is evaluated using five representative residential profiles in Çanakkale, Türkiye, under three operating scenarios: grid-dependent operation, renewable integration without coordinated trading, and active OptiPro management. The simulation results demonstrate a fundamental financial transformation driven by intelligent arbitrage and shared resource management. The proposed system converts the microgrid from a daily operational cost of $10.35 in the baseline scenario to a net revenue of $0.63, effectively creating a profit-generating ecosystem where users transition from passive consumers to active prosumers. This paradigm shift corresponds to a projected total annual economic benefit of approximately $4000 for the community. A detailed analysis of individual participant behavior highlights the superior efficiency of hybrid configurations; Home-4 (PV-Wind) achieved the highest economic performance, recording a 181% increase in profit rate with annual earnings of $1414. Simultaneously, the model ensures energy equity; even passive consumers without generation capacity, represented by Home-1, realized a 13.6% reduction in electricity costs solely through community arbitrage. Beyond the economic benefits, the technical performance assessment showed that OptiPro reduced peak grid-purchase power from 5.5 kW in the baseline scenario to 3.8 kW, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 31%, and decreased the standard deviation of hourly grid-exchange power by 38%. The renewable-energy consumption rate increased from approximately 68% under uncoordinated operation to 96% with OptiPro. These results demonstrate improved peak shaving, smoother grid exchanges, and greater local utilization of renewable generation under the evaluated operating conditions. These findings indicate that coordinating hybrid renewable sources with shared storage can improve operational energy management and trading outcomes under the evaluated assumptions. The long-term financial feasibility of the proposed configuration requires further assessment of investment, maintenance, and replacement costs.
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BibTeX
@article{pamuk2026optimization,
title = {{Optimization of Energy Trading in Hydrogen-Integrated Storage Systems Based on Renewable Energy Profiles}},
author = {Nihat Pamuk and Fuad Alhaj Omar and Ömer Özdemir},
journal = {Batteries},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/batteries12110460},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/11/460},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Optimization of Energy Trading in Hydrogen-Integrated Storage Systems Based on Renewable Energy Profiles
AU - Nihat Pamuk
AU - Fuad Alhaj Omar
AU - Ömer Özdemir
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - Batteries
DO - 10.3390/batteries12110460
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/11/460
AB - Community-based energy sharing requires a local trading mechanism that provides economic incentives for both energy suppliers and consumers. This study proposes OptiPro, a framework for enabling a residential local energy market in which renewable-energy producers and storage owners can sell available electricity at prices above conventional grid-export tariffs, while purchasing households can obtain electricity below external retail rates. Its central contribution is the coordinated operation and evaluation of this mutually beneficial trading arrangement across heterogeneous residential participants. A bi-level optimization model, reformulated using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and the Big-M method, coordinates photovoltaic and wind generation, individual and shared battery storage, and hydrogen storage as enabling resources for the local market. The framework is evaluated using five representative residential profiles in Çanakkale, Türkiye, under three operating scenarios: grid-dependent operation, renewable integration without coordinated trading, and active OptiPro management. The simulation results demonstrate a fundamental financial transformation driven by intelligent arbitrage and shared resource management. The proposed system converts the microgrid from a daily operational cost of $10.35 in the baseline scenario to a net revenue of $0.63, effectively creating a profit-generating ecosystem where users transition from passive consumers to active prosumers. This paradigm shift corresponds to a projected total annual economic benefit of approximately $4000 for the community. A detailed analysis of individual participant behavior highlights the superior efficiency of hybrid configurations; Home-4 (PV-Wind) achieved the highest economic performance, recording a 181% increase in profit rate with annual earnings of $1414. Simultaneously, the model ensures energy equity; even passive consumers without generation capacity, represented by Home-1, realized a 13.6% reduction in electricity costs solely through community arbitrage. Beyond the economic benefits, the technical performance assessment showed that OptiPro reduced peak grid-purchase power from 5.5 kW in the baseline scenario to 3.8 kW, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 31%, and decreased the standard deviation of hourly grid-exchange power by 38%. The renewable-energy consumption rate increased from approximately 68% under uncoordinated operation to 96% with OptiPro. These results demonstrate improved peak shaving, smoother grid exchanges, and greater local utilization of renewable generation under the evaluated operating conditions. These findings indicate that coordinating hybrid renewable sources with shared storage can improve operational energy management and trading outcomes under the evaluated assumptions. The long-term financial feasibility of the proposed configuration requires further assessment of investment, maintenance, and replacement costs.
SN - 2313-0105
ER -