Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
Abstract
COVID-19 is generally associated with both short- and long-term complications. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to severe or prolonged organ dysfunction, including the endocrine system. It also places a substantial burden on individuals and the health-care system. Therefore, providing up-to-date information for health-care providers is valuable. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current literature regarding the endocrine complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on diabetes, calcium homeostasis, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal disorders. Although current therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are mainly limited to antivirals, symptomatic therapies, and supportive care, advances in understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune responses may support a more effective and personalized approach to clinical care.
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BibTeX
@article{asadipooya2026endocrine,
title = {{Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.}},
author = {Kamyar Asadipooya and Srividya Sriramula},
journal = {Journal of the Endocrine Society},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1210/jendso/bvag219},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835826},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.
AU - Kamyar Asadipooya
AU - Srividya Sriramula
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Journal of the Endocrine Society
DO - 10.1210/jendso/bvag219
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835826
AB - COVID-19 is generally associated with both short- and long-term complications. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to severe or prolonged organ dysfunction, including the endocrine system. It also places a substantial burden on individuals and the health-care system. Therefore, providing up-to-date information for health-care providers is valuable. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current literature regarding the endocrine complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on diabetes, calcium homeostasis, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal disorders. Although current therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are mainly limited to antivirals, symptomatic therapies, and supportive care, advances in understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune responses may support a more effective and personalized approach to clinical care.
SN - 2472-1972
ER -