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Peer-reviewedCC BYAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI

Staphylococcus haemolyticus Infection Modifies Bacterial and Microeukaryotic Gut Communities in Nile Tilapia.

  • Jesús Salvador Olivier Guirado-Flores1
  • Marcel Martínez-Porchas1
  • Estefanía Garibay-Valdez1
  • Francisco Vargas-Albores1
  • Diana Medina-Félix1,2
  • Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova3
  • Francesco Cicala4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
  2. 2Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Hermosillo 83100, Sonora, Mexico.
  3. 3Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
  4. 4Water Research Institute, National Research Council, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
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Abstract

The fish gut microbiota includes bacterial and microeukaryotic microorganisms that contribute to host nutrition, immune regulation, and intestinal homeostasis. However, the simultaneous responses of both microbial fractions to bacterial infection remain poorly explored in aquaculture species. This study evaluated intestinal microbiota differences associated with experimental Staphylococcus haemolyticus infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Juvenile female tilapia were randomly assigned to either a non-infected control group or a group experimentally infected with S. haemolyticus. Intestinal contents were collected seven days post-challenge, and microbial communities were characterized by amplicon sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene. In the bacterial fraction, infected fish showed higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and lower relative abundances of Fusobacteriota, Patescibacteria, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, infected fish showed higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and other potentially opportunistic bacteria, along with lower relative abundances of Cetobacterium and Romboutsia. In the microeukaryotic fraction, infected fish showed higher relative abundances of Ciliophora and Ascomycota and a lower relative abundance of Nematozoa. Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity indices were significantly higher in infected fish in both microbial fractions. PICRUSt2-predicted MetaCyc profiles differed between treatments. Control fish showed higher predicted abundances of pathways related to fermentation and vitamin and cofactor metabolism, whereas infected fish showed higher predicted abundances of pathways related to bacterial cell wall metabolism, arginine and polyamine biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and microbial adaptation. Overall, experimental S. haemolyticus infection was associated with taxon-specific differences in intestinal bacterial and microeukaryotic communities and in predicted bacterial functional potential.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{guiradoflores2026staphylococcus,
  title = {{Staphylococcus haemolyticus Infection Modifies Bacterial and Microeukaryotic Gut Communities in Nile Tilapia.}},
  author = {Jesús Salvador Olivier Guirado-Flores and Marcel Martínez-Porchas and Estefanía Garibay-Valdez and Francisco Vargas-Albores and Diana Medina-Félix and Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova and Francesco Cicala},
  journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3390/ani16192991},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882960},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Staphylococcus haemolyticus Infection Modifies Bacterial and Microeukaryotic Gut Communities in Nile Tilapia.
AU  - Jesús Salvador Olivier Guirado-Flores
AU  - Marcel Martínez-Porchas
AU  - Estefanía Garibay-Valdez
AU  - Francisco Vargas-Albores
AU  - Diana Medina-Félix
AU  - Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova
AU  - Francesco Cicala
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/23
JO  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
DO  - 10.3390/ani16192991
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882960
AB  - The fish gut microbiota includes bacterial and microeukaryotic microorganisms that contribute to host nutrition, immune regulation, and intestinal homeostasis. However, the simultaneous responses of both microbial fractions to bacterial infection remain poorly explored in aquaculture species. This study evaluated intestinal microbiota differences associated with experimental Staphylococcus haemolyticus infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Juvenile female tilapia were randomly assigned to either a non-infected control group or a group experimentally infected with S. haemolyticus. Intestinal contents were collected seven days post-challenge, and microbial communities were characterized by amplicon sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene. In the bacterial fraction, infected fish showed higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and lower relative abundances of Fusobacteriota, Patescibacteria, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, infected fish showed higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and other potentially opportunistic bacteria, along with lower relative abundances of Cetobacterium and Romboutsia. In the microeukaryotic fraction, infected fish showed higher relative abundances of Ciliophora and Ascomycota and a lower relative abundance of Nematozoa. Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity indices were significantly higher in infected fish in both microbial fractions. PICRUSt2-predicted MetaCyc profiles differed between treatments. Control fish showed higher predicted abundances of pathways related to fermentation and vitamin and cofactor metabolism, whereas infected fish showed higher predicted abundances of pathways related to bacterial cell wall metabolism, arginine and polyamine biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and microbial adaptation. Overall, experimental S. haemolyticus infection was associated with taxon-specific differences in intestinal bacterial and microeukaryotic communities and in predicted bacterial functional potential.
SN  - 2076-2615
ER  -