Hyperpolarization-enabled cooperative molecular magnetic amplification
Abstract
Detecting weak magnetic fields at hertz frequencies is central to biomagnetism, geophysical sensing, and searches for new physics, yet it remains challenging because of technical systematics and environmental noise. Here, we realize a continuously operating molecular magnetic amplifier. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization maintains non-equilibrium spin order at zero field, turning scalar-coupled nuclear spins in liquid state molecules into an active, frequency-selective gain medium. Measurements of its complex magnetic susceptibility (χ) reveal an intrinsic response of $ | χ| \approx$ 10. By feeding the collectively generated magnetic field back to the spins below the threshold for self-sustained J-oscillation, we extend the effective spin coherence and cooperatively enhance the susceptibility up to $ | χ| \approx$ 80. Near threshold, this produces approximately fourfold amplification of a weak (20 pT) magnetic field at 3.37 Hz at the sensor location. These results establish hyperpolarized molecules as a tunable active magnetic medium for narrowband quantum sensing and precision measurement.
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BibTeX
@misc{xu2026hyperpolarizationenabled,
title = {{Hyperpolarization-enabled cooperative molecular magnetic amplification}},
author = {Jingyan Xu and Raphael Kircher and Min Jiang and Xinhua Peng and Danila Barskiy and Dmitry Budker},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.14425},
eprint = {2610.14425},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14425},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Hyperpolarization-enabled cooperative molecular magnetic amplification
AU - Jingyan Xu
AU - Raphael Kircher
AU - Min Jiang
AU - Xinhua Peng
AU - Danila Barskiy
AU - Dmitry Budker
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.14425
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14425
AB - Detecting weak magnetic fields at hertz frequencies is central to biomagnetism, geophysical sensing, and searches for new physics, yet it remains challenging because of technical systematics and environmental noise. Here, we realize a continuously operating molecular magnetic amplifier. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization maintains non-equilibrium spin order at zero field, turning scalar-coupled nuclear spins in liquid state molecules into an active, frequency-selective gain medium. Measurements of its complex magnetic susceptibility (χ) reveal an intrinsic response of $ | χ| \approx$ 10. By feeding the collectively generated magnetic field back to the spins below the threshold for self-sustained J-oscillation, we extend the effective spin coherence and cooperatively enhance the susceptibility up to $ | χ| \approx$ 80. Near threshold, this produces approximately fourfold amplification of a weak (20 pT) magnetic field at 3.37 Hz at the sensor location. These results establish hyperpolarized molecules as a tunable active magnetic medium for narrowband quantum sensing and precision measurement.
ER -