A multicenter study on the profile of fungal infections in children infected with HIV in tertiary hospitals in South Western Nigeria.
10 affiliations
- 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Osun State University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
- 2Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ife, Nigeria.
- 3Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
- 4Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
- 5Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
- 6Department of Medicine, College of Health Scieneces, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
- 7Department of Surgery (Opthamology Unit), College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
- 8Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria.
- 9Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Osun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
- 10Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background
Fungal infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. However, there are no reports on this subject in Nigerian children.Objective
This study aimed to document the spectrum of fungal infections and their outcomes in Nigerian children infected with HIV.Methodology
The case records of all children infected with HIV in three South West Nigerian tertiary hospitals were studied. Data on the identified fungal infection, clinical presentation, and outcomes were obtained and analyzed.Results
A total of 175 children infected with HIV, comprising 89 (50.9%) boys and 86 (49.1%) girls, with ages ranging from 2 months to 16 years, were studied. Of the population studied, 83 (47.4%) had dermatophytosis and 24 (13.7%) had invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Tinea capitis, thrush (pityriasis versicolor), and tinea corporis constituted more than 75% of the dermatophytosis. Invasive candidiasis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcal disease, and aspergillosis accounted for more than 95% of the IFIs. Among the 175 children, 61 (34.9%) admissions and 12 (6.9%) deaths were recorded. Nine of the 12 deaths were due to IFIs. Infants and children not on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy had higher rates of IFIs (p < 0.01). Admission and death rates were higher among those with IFIs (p < 0.01). Higher rates of IFIs and dermatophytosis were found among those with a low socioeconomic status (p < 0.05). Appropriate diagnostics were lacking for Pneumocystis pneumonia and cryptococcal disease diagnosis. Fluconazole was the only antifungal available and accessible for cryptococcal meningitis management.Conclusion
Fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in children infected with HIV. Appropriate diagnostics and medications must be made accessible to reverse IFI treatment outcomes.
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BibTeX
@article{oyedeji2026multicenter,
title = {{A multicenter study on the profile of fungal infections in children infected with HIV in tertiary hospitals in South Western Nigeria.}},
author = {Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji and Joseph Babafunso Ayinde and Odunayo Oluseun Afolayan and Funso Abidemi Olagunju and Temitope Ajibola Oyelami and Ayobami Oyetunji Alabi and Olanrewaju Olayemi and Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla and Michaeline Asuquo Isawumi and Omomayowa Omotola Fawale and Adenike Oluwakemi Oladimeji and Olusola Ojurongbe},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fped.2026.1812083},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898314},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A multicenter study on the profile of fungal infections in children infected with HIV in tertiary hospitals in South Western Nigeria.
AU - Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji
AU - Joseph Babafunso Ayinde
AU - Odunayo Oluseun Afolayan
AU - Funso Abidemi Olagunju
AU - Temitope Ajibola Oyelami
AU - Ayobami Oyetunji Alabi
AU - Olanrewaju Olayemi
AU - Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla
AU - Michaeline Asuquo Isawumi
AU - Omomayowa Omotola Fawale
AU - Adenike Oluwakemi Oladimeji
AU - Olusola Ojurongbe
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
JO - Frontiers in pediatrics
DO - 10.3389/fped.2026.1812083
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898314
AB - Background Fungal infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. However, there are no reports on this subject in Nigerian children.Objective This study aimed to document the spectrum of fungal infections and their outcomes in Nigerian children infected with HIV.Methodology The case records of all children infected with HIV in three South West Nigerian tertiary hospitals were studied. Data on the identified fungal infection, clinical presentation, and outcomes were obtained and analyzed.Results A total of 175 children infected with HIV, comprising 89 (50.9%) boys and 86 (49.1%) girls, with ages ranging from 2 months to 16 years, were studied. Of the population studied, 83 (47.4%) had dermatophytosis and 24 (13.7%) had invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Tinea capitis, thrush (pityriasis versicolor), and tinea corporis constituted more than 75% of the dermatophytosis. Invasive candidiasis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcal disease, and aspergillosis accounted for more than 95% of the IFIs. Among the 175 children, 61 (34.9%) admissions and 12 (6.9%) deaths were recorded. Nine of the 12 deaths were due to IFIs. Infants and children not on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy had higher rates of IFIs (p < 0.01). Admission and death rates were higher among those with IFIs (p < 0.01). Higher rates of IFIs and dermatophytosis were found among those with a low socioeconomic status (p < 0.05). Appropriate diagnostics were lacking for Pneumocystis pneumonia and cryptococcal disease diagnosis. Fluconazole was the only antifungal available and accessible for cryptococcal meningitis management.Conclusion Fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in children infected with HIV. Appropriate diagnostics and medications must be made accessible to reverse IFI treatment outcomes.
SN - 2296-2360
ER -