Competing-Risk Cure Models: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Methodological Literature
Abstract
Competing-risk cure models describe time-to-event populations with individuals immune to all event types or an event of interest, yet literature is fragmented across model families. We review 26 papers across five axes: cure definition/scope; decomposition/cure mechanism; latency; dependence, censoring, and masked causes; and estimation. We distinguish global from cause-specific cure and incidence--latency mixtures from vertical susceptibility factorizations, latent competing-causes/zero-count constructions, defective-survival models, and zero-inflated mixture or cumulative incidence function (CIF) formulations. We compare parametric, piecewise-constant, PH, AFT, transformation, CIF-based, nonparametric, and partially specified latency models for right/interval censoring, clustering, and masked causes. Mixture formulations dominate, but similar names can mask different estimands, cure mechanisms, latent-risk/censoring assumptions, and regression interpretations. Latent-failure dependence is modeled less often than cure or latency; failure--censoring dependence, within-cluster association, and masked causes occur in smaller subsets. Estimation spans likelihood and expectation-maximization (EM), including neural-network M-steps, estimating equations, inverse-probability-of-censoring weighting, Bayesian computation, and copula-graphic estimation. A reproducible defective-Gompertz analysis of public bone-marrow-transplant data shows that fitted tail probabilities require model- and endpoint-specific interpretation, not all-method comparison. Reproducibility remains limited: most implementations use custom code, few offer repository access, and no widely adopted, clearly licensed R/Python framework unifies the constructions. This taxonomy supports transparent model selection/reporting, estimation-method comparison, and needs for theory, software, benchmarking, and reproducible applications.
Related
- The role of big data analytics in financial fraud detection: A systematic literature review
- Governing Agentic AI in Africa: A Systematic Literature Review of Ethical Challenges, Framework Gaps, and Ubuntu-Informed Governance Solutions
- Hierarchical Cognitive Structuring and Game Mechanics Alignment in Educational Game Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
- Graph-Enhanced Knowledge Tracing for Explainable Learner Modeling: A Systematic Literature Review
- Mapping E-Readiness Dimensions for Digital Village Development: A Systematic Literature and Bibliometric Review
BibTeX
@misc{sanyal2026competingrisk,
title = {{Competing-Risk Cure Models: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Methodological Literature}},
author = {Nilotpal Sanyal},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.15455},
eprint = {2608.15455},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.15455},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Competing-Risk Cure Models: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Methodological Literature
AU - Nilotpal Sanyal
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.15455
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.15455
AB - Competing-risk cure models describe time-to-event populations with individuals immune to all event types or an event of interest, yet literature is fragmented across model families. We review 26 papers across five axes: cure definition/scope; decomposition/cure mechanism; latency; dependence, censoring, and masked causes; and estimation. We distinguish global from cause-specific cure and incidence--latency mixtures from vertical susceptibility factorizations, latent competing-causes/zero-count constructions, defective-survival models, and zero-inflated mixture or cumulative incidence function (CIF) formulations. We compare parametric, piecewise-constant, PH, AFT, transformation, CIF-based, nonparametric, and partially specified latency models for right/interval censoring, clustering, and masked causes. Mixture formulations dominate, but similar names can mask different estimands, cure mechanisms, latent-risk/censoring assumptions, and regression interpretations. Latent-failure dependence is modeled less often than cure or latency; failure--censoring dependence, within-cluster association, and masked causes occur in smaller subsets. Estimation spans likelihood and expectation-maximization (EM), including neural-network M-steps, estimating equations, inverse-probability-of-censoring weighting, Bayesian computation, and copula-graphic estimation. A reproducible defective-Gompertz analysis of public bone-marrow-transplant data shows that fitted tail probabilities require model- and endpoint-specific interpretation, not all-method comparison. Reproducibility remains limited: most implementations use custom code, few offer repository access, and no widely adopted, clearly licensed R/Python framework unifies the constructions. This taxonomy supports transparent model selection/reporting, estimation-method comparison, and needs for theory, software, benchmarking, and reproducible applications.
ER -