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Peer-reviewedCC BYNPJ quantum information

Quantum state design and emergent confinement mechanism in measured tensor network states.

  • Guglielmo Lami1,2
  • Andrea De Luca1,3
  • Xhek Turkeshi4
  • Jacopo De Nardis1,2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex France.
  2. 2JEIP, UAR 3573 CNRS, Collége de France, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex France.
  3. 3Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Superieure, ENS, Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, Universite Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
  4. 4Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.
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Abstract

Randomness is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, arising from the measurement process that collapses superpositions into definite outcomes according to Born's rule. Generating large-scale random quantum states is crucial for quantum computing and many-body physics, yet it remains a key challenge. We present a practical method based on local measurements of random Tensor Networks, focusing on random Matrix Product States (MPS) generated by two distinct quantum circuit architectures, both feasible on near-term devices. We certify the emergent quantum randomness using the frame potential and establish a mapping between its behavior and the statistical mechanics of a domain wall particle model. In both architectures, the effect of quantum measurements induces a nontrivial confinement mechanism, where domain walls are either trapped by an external potential or bound in pairs to form meson-like excitations. Our results, supported by both exact analytical calculations and numerical simulations, suggest that confinement is a general mechanism underlying random state generation in broader settings with local measurements, including quantum circuits and chaotic dynamics.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{lami2026quantum,
  title = {{Quantum state design and emergent confinement mechanism in measured tensor network states.}},
  author = {Guglielmo Lami and Andrea De Luca and Xhek Turkeshi and Jacopo De Nardis},
  journal = {NPJ quantum information},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1038/s41534-026-01298-9},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42952663},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Quantum state design and emergent confinement mechanism in measured tensor network states.
AU  - Guglielmo Lami
AU  - Andrea De Luca
AU  - Xhek Turkeshi
AU  - Jacopo De Nardis
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/04
JO  - NPJ quantum information
DO  - 10.1038/s41534-026-01298-9
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42952663
AB  - Randomness is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, arising from the measurement process that collapses superpositions into definite outcomes according to Born's rule. Generating large-scale random quantum states is crucial for quantum computing and many-body physics, yet it remains a key challenge. We present a practical method based on local measurements of random Tensor Networks, focusing on random Matrix Product States (MPS) generated by two distinct quantum circuit architectures, both feasible on near-term devices. We certify the emergent quantum randomness using the frame potential and establish a mapping between its behavior and the statistical mechanics of a domain wall particle model. In both architectures, the effect of quantum measurements induces a nontrivial confinement mechanism, where domain walls are either trapped by an external potential or bound in pairs to form meson-like excitations. Our results, supported by both exact analytical calculations and numerical simulations, suggest that confinement is a general mechanism underlying random state generation in broader settings with local measurements, including quantum circuits and chaotic dynamics.
SN  - 2056-6387
ER  -