Context-Dependent Modulation of Lipolytic Activity by Ginkgo biloba Extract: Evidence from Murine and Human Adipose Models
- 1Graduate Program in Nutrition, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (I.I.C.); (C.d.G.d.A.); (L.M.O.); (E.B.R.); (M.I.C.A.-V.)
- 2Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil; (F.M.T.); (J.d.J.S.); (L.H.Z.B.)
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dysregulated lipolysis contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) influences adipose metabolism, but its effects across adipose models remain unclear. We evaluated GbE effects on lipolytic activity in murine and human models. Methods: Differentiated 3T3-L1 and hWA A41 adipocytes, primary adipocytes from one individual with obesity, and human visceral adipose tissue explants from individuals with overweight or obesity were exposed to GbE (1.00 mg/mL, 48 h). Lipolytic activity was assessed by glycerol release. Plin1, Pnpla2, and Lipe expression, ATGL and pHSL abundance, and MTT-based metabolic activity were evaluated. Results: GbE increased basal glycerol release nearly fivefold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p = 0.0045) and by 26.3% in hWA A41 cells (p = 0.0007). GbE reduced Plin1 (p = 0.0182) and Lipe (p = 0.0027) expression, while Pnpla2 remained unchanged. In hWA A41 cells, pHSL increased (p = 0.0459), while ATGL was unchanged. MTT-based metabolic activity increased at 1.00 mg/mL but decreased at higher concentrations. A descriptive 35% reduction in glycerol release was observed in primary adipocytes from one donor. GbE reduced glycerol release by approximately 45% in visceral adipose tissue explants from individuals with obesity, with no significant change in overweight. Conclusions: GbE produced distinct effects across adipose models, increasing lipolytic activity in adipocyte cell lines while reducing glycerol release in visceral adipose tissue explants from individuals with obesity, with a directionally similar reduction descriptively observed in primary adipocytes. These preliminary findings warrant further mechanistic and in vivo studies.
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BibTeX
@article{cavalcante2026contextdependent,
title = {{Context-Dependent Modulation of Lipolytic Activity by Ginkgo biloba Extract: Evidence from Murine and Human Adipose Models}},
author = {Iomara Isidorio Cavalcante and Crislaine das Graças de Almeida and Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz and Jussara de Jesus Simão and Lucas Humberto Zimmermann Belaunde and Lila Missae Oyama and Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro and Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale and Mônica Marques Telles},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ph19101583},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13708460},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Context-Dependent Modulation of Lipolytic Activity by Ginkgo biloba Extract: Evidence from Murine and Human Adipose Models
AU - Iomara Isidorio Cavalcante
AU - Crislaine das Graças de Almeida
AU - Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz
AU - Jussara de Jesus Simão
AU - Lucas Humberto Zimmermann Belaunde
AU - Lila Missae Oyama
AU - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
AU - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
AU - Mônica Marques Telles
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/ph19101583
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13708460
AB - Background/Objectives: Dysregulated lipolysis contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) influences adipose metabolism, but its effects across adipose models remain unclear. We evaluated GbE effects on lipolytic activity in murine and human models. Methods: Differentiated 3T3-L1 and hWA A41 adipocytes, primary adipocytes from one individual with obesity, and human visceral adipose tissue explants from individuals with overweight or obesity were exposed to GbE (1.00 mg/mL, 48 h). Lipolytic activity was assessed by glycerol release. Plin1, Pnpla2, and Lipe expression, ATGL and pHSL abundance, and MTT-based metabolic activity were evaluated. Results: GbE increased basal glycerol release nearly fivefold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p = 0.0045) and by 26.3% in hWA A41 cells (p = 0.0007). GbE reduced Plin1 (p = 0.0182) and Lipe (p = 0.0027) expression, while Pnpla2 remained unchanged. In hWA A41 cells, pHSL increased (p = 0.0459), while ATGL was unchanged. MTT-based metabolic activity increased at 1.00 mg/mL but decreased at higher concentrations. A descriptive 35% reduction in glycerol release was observed in primary adipocytes from one donor. GbE reduced glycerol release by approximately 45% in visceral adipose tissue explants from individuals with obesity, with no significant change in overweight. Conclusions: GbE produced distinct effects across adipose models, increasing lipolytic activity in adipocyte cell lines while reducing glycerol release in visceral adipose tissue explants from individuals with obesity, with a directionally similar reduction descriptively observed in primary adipocytes. These preliminary findings warrant further mechanistic and in vivo studies.
SN - 1424-8247
ER -