Exact Resource Laws for Passive Wavelength Routing in Entanglement Networks
Abstract
Entanglement-based networks provide a scalable framework for multiuser quantum communication by passively routing spectrally correlated photon pairs across interconnected nodes. Several wavelength-allocation schemes have already been demonstrated experimentally, but these designs do not yet provide a general way to determine how spectral use, receiver load, repeated connections, fan-out, and optical loss constrain one another. Motivated by a field-deployed four-node network, we formulate wavelength assignment as an exact resource-optimization problem on the network connectivity graph. We consider uniquely paired wavelength channels and require that no user receive both channels of a pair. For one-sided fan-out, we obtain an exact optimization for arbitrary networks, and closed-form resource laws for complete networks and for networks with one excluded partner per user. Allowing both conjugate wavelengths to fan out changes the resource landscape. In complete networks, a balanced binary hierarchy uses the minimum number of spectral layers among nonredundant assignments while reducing the maximum receiver wavelength load to a quantity that grows logarithmically with the number of users. For eight users, the source-cost ordering depends on splitter transmission: changing the transmission can change which architecture requires less pair generation. We formulate a BBM92 rate model for evaluating the corresponding architectures. For a single continuous-wave broadband source, the occupied wavelength pairs are generated with fixed relative weights, while detector singles and accidental coincidences couple the link rates. The same resource laws can therefore be evaluated using the measured parameters of the hardware that implements the network.
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BibTeX
@misc{panwar2026exact,
title = {{Exact Resource Laws for Passive Wavelength Routing in Entanglement Networks}},
author = {Ekta Panwar and Gilberto Borges and Saeid Salari and Kartik Kakade and Samgeeth Puliyil and Peter Rapčan and Mario Ziman and Djeylan Aktas},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.29911},
eprint = {2608.29911},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29911},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Exact Resource Laws for Passive Wavelength Routing in Entanglement Networks
AU - Ekta Panwar
AU - Gilberto Borges
AU - Saeid Salari
AU - Kartik Kakade
AU - Samgeeth Puliyil
AU - Peter Rapčan
AU - Mario Ziman
AU - Djeylan Aktas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.29911
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29911
AB - Entanglement-based networks provide a scalable framework for multiuser quantum communication by passively routing spectrally correlated photon pairs across interconnected nodes. Several wavelength-allocation schemes have already been demonstrated experimentally, but these designs do not yet provide a general way to determine how spectral use, receiver load, repeated connections, fan-out, and optical loss constrain one another. Motivated by a field-deployed four-node network, we formulate wavelength assignment as an exact resource-optimization problem on the network connectivity graph. We consider uniquely paired wavelength channels and require that no user receive both channels of a pair. For one-sided fan-out, we obtain an exact optimization for arbitrary networks, and closed-form resource laws for complete networks and for networks with one excluded partner per user. Allowing both conjugate wavelengths to fan out changes the resource landscape. In complete networks, a balanced binary hierarchy uses the minimum number of spectral layers among nonredundant assignments while reducing the maximum receiver wavelength load to a quantity that grows logarithmically with the number of users. For eight users, the source-cost ordering depends on splitter transmission: changing the transmission can change which architecture requires less pair generation. We formulate a BBM92 rate model for evaluating the corresponding architectures. For a single continuous-wave broadband source, the occupied wavelength pairs are generated with fixed relative weights, while detector singles and accidental coincidences couple the link rates. The same resource laws can therefore be evaluated using the measured parameters of the hardware that implements the network.
ER -