Exploratory development and internal validation of sex-specific nomograms for clinically documented short-term urinary retention during post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy.
- 1Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
- 2Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
- 3Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Objective
To develop and internally evaluate exploratory sex-specific models for clinically documented short-term urinary retention (UR) during mandatory post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB).Methods
A total of 566 adults who underwent PRB at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between January 2023 and November 2024 were screened. The retrospective outcome was clinically documented UR requiring catheterization and meeting a record-based volume or time criterion. Routine pre-catheterization bladder scanning was not available for all patients. Univariate analyses were descriptive; each sex-specific logistic model was restricted to four clinically selected, routinely available pre-biopsy predictors and was internally evaluated using five-fold cross-validation and bootstrap calibration.Results
Ten patients with oliguria were excluded, leaving 556 for analysis; clinically documented UR was recorded in 78 patients (14.03%). The four-variable male model included age > 60 years, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and preoperative voiding training; BPH, DM, and absence of training were statistically significant. The four-variable female model included hypertension, history of UR, preoperative voiding training, and bowel movement within 24 h before PRB; hypertension, absence of training, and no bowel movement were statistically significant. Cross-validated AUCs were 0.793 for males and 0.748 for females.Conclusion
These nomograms are hypothesis-generating models of a clinically documented care-pathway outcome. Their moderate internal discrimination does not overcome the limitations of retrospective outcome ascertainment or the low event-to-predictor ratio in the male cohort. Standardized objective outcome measurement and external validation are required before clinical use.Trial registration
Not applicable.
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BibTeX
@article{sang2026exploratory,
title = {{Exploratory development and internal validation of sex-specific nomograms for clinically documented short-term urinary retention during post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy.}},
author = {Xiuping Sang and Jun Du and Lifang Zhao and Tieyun Wang and Haiyan Wang},
journal = {BMC urology},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12894-026-02296-x},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958261},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Exploratory development and internal validation of sex-specific nomograms for clinically documented short-term urinary retention during post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy.
AU - Xiuping Sang
AU - Jun Du
AU - Lifang Zhao
AU - Tieyun Wang
AU - Haiyan Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/04
JO - BMC urology
DO - 10.1186/s12894-026-02296-x
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958261
AB - Objective To develop and internally evaluate exploratory sex-specific models for clinically documented short-term urinary retention (UR) during mandatory post-biopsy immobilization after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB).Methods A total of 566 adults who underwent PRB at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between January 2023 and November 2024 were screened. The retrospective outcome was clinically documented UR requiring catheterization and meeting a record-based volume or time criterion. Routine pre-catheterization bladder scanning was not available for all patients. Univariate analyses were descriptive; each sex-specific logistic model was restricted to four clinically selected, routinely available pre-biopsy predictors and was internally evaluated using five-fold cross-validation and bootstrap calibration.Results Ten patients with oliguria were excluded, leaving 556 for analysis; clinically documented UR was recorded in 78 patients (14.03%). The four-variable male model included age > 60 years, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and preoperative voiding training; BPH, DM, and absence of training were statistically significant. The four-variable female model included hypertension, history of UR, preoperative voiding training, and bowel movement within 24 h before PRB; hypertension, absence of training, and no bowel movement were statistically significant. Cross-validated AUCs were 0.793 for males and 0.748 for females.Conclusion These nomograms are hypothesis-generating models of a clinically documented care-pathway outcome. Their moderate internal discrimination does not overcome the limitations of retrospective outcome ascertainment or the low event-to-predictor ratio in the male cohort. Standardized objective outcome measurement and external validation are required before clinical use.Trial registration Not applicable.
SN - 1471-2490
ER -