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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Acta biomaterialia

Music-inspired acoustic-piezoelectric stimulation accelerates extracellular vesicle production and programs therapeutic function

  • James Johnston1
  • Erin Boyce2
  • Tiago Thomaz Migliati Zanon1
  • Hyunsu Jeon1
  • Courtney Khong1
  • Yun Young Choi1
  • Nosang V. Myung1
  • Martin Nunez1
  • Mae-Lin Pinkstaff1
  • Yichun Wang1
  1. 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame, IN, USA
  2. 2Independent Music Producer, Bolton, UK
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Abstract

Macrophage small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carry phenotype-linked cargo and bioactivity for immunomodulation and regeneration, but therapeutic translation is limited by low secretion and poor control of function. We introduce a music-activated piezoelectric nanofiber substrate (PES) that converted audible sound into programmable electrical stimulation to enhance sEV biogenesis while tuning macrophage polarization. Adjusting acoustic parameters increased sEV yield, while musically inspired “assemblies” biased macrophage phenotypes: dissonant, low-frequency stimuli promoted M1-like inflammation, whereas consonant, higher-frequency stimuli favored M2-like, regenerative states. These shifts produced distinct sEV cargo and bioactivities. We rationally designed customized music stimulus that maximized both vesicle production and M2 bias, yielding sEVs exhibited regeneration potentials. This work establishes a programmable acoustic–piezoelectric strategy to scale macrophage sEV production while tailoring their therapeutic potency.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{johnston2026musicinspired,
  title = {{Music-inspired acoustic-piezoelectric stimulation accelerates extracellular vesicle production and programs therapeutic function}},
  author = {James Johnston and Erin Boyce and Tiago Thomaz Migliati Zanon and Hyunsu Jeon and Courtney Khong and Yun Young Choi and Nosang V. Myung and Martin Nunez and Mae-Lin Pinkstaff and Yichun Wang},
  journal = {Acta biomaterialia},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1016/j.actbio.2026.07.005},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2026.07.005},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Music-inspired acoustic-piezoelectric stimulation accelerates extracellular vesicle production and programs therapeutic function
AU  - James Johnston
AU  - Erin Boyce
AU  - Tiago Thomaz Migliati Zanon
AU  - Hyunsu Jeon
AU  - Courtney Khong
AU  - Yun Young Choi
AU  - Nosang V. Myung
AU  - Martin Nunez
AU  - Mae-Lin Pinkstaff
AU  - Yichun Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/03
JO  - Acta biomaterialia
DO  - 10.1016/j.actbio.2026.07.005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2026.07.005
AB  - Macrophage small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carry phenotype-linked cargo and bioactivity for immunomodulation and regeneration, but therapeutic translation is limited by low secretion and poor control of function. We introduce a music-activated piezoelectric nanofiber substrate (PES) that converted audible sound into programmable electrical stimulation to enhance sEV biogenesis while tuning macrophage polarization. Adjusting acoustic parameters increased sEV yield, while musically inspired “assemblies” biased macrophage phenotypes: dissonant, low-frequency stimuli promoted M1-like inflammation, whereas consonant, higher-frequency stimuli favored M2-like, regenerative states. These shifts produced distinct sEV cargo and bioactivities. We rationally designed customized music stimulus that maximized both vesicle production and M2 bias, yielding sEVs exhibited regeneration potentials. This work establishes a programmable acoustic–piezoelectric strategy to scale macrophage sEV production while tailoring their therapeutic potency.
SN  - 1742-7061
SN  - 1878-7568
ER  -