Data Center Oscillation Isolation and Grid Support: Fundamental Limits and Source-Selective Control
Abstract
The grid integration of large data centers poses a growing power-system stability challenge. Rapidly varying computing demand can induce oscillations, while the facilities must provide a prescribed response to grid disturbances. Existing controls address load fluctuations and grid support but do not establish their jointly achievable performance. This paper derives fundamental limits and develops a source-selective controller for simultaneous oscillation isolation and grid support. A coupled closed-loop model gives a condition for distinguishing disturbance sources and reveals a direct isolation-support conflict under grid-import-power feedback alone; additional electrical measurements can remove this pointwise conflict but leave a conditional cross-frequency sensitivity limit. Guided by these limits, we design a local residual-feedback storage controller through convex frequency-domain optimization with stability, isolation, and grid-response constraints across operating points. Tests on a single-generator interconnection and a modified nine-bus network show stronger oscillation isolation than equal-order optimized comparators while meeting the prescribed grid response across operating points.
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BibTeX
@misc{feng2026data,
title = {{Data Center Oscillation Isolation and Grid Support: Fundamental Limits and Source-Selective Control}},
author = {Cheng Feng},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.26812},
eprint = {2610.26812},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26812},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Data Center Oscillation Isolation and Grid Support: Fundamental Limits and Source-Selective Control
AU - Cheng Feng
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/19
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.26812
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26812
AB - The grid integration of large data centers poses a growing power-system stability challenge. Rapidly varying computing demand can induce oscillations, while the facilities must provide a prescribed response to grid disturbances. Existing controls address load fluctuations and grid support but do not establish their jointly achievable performance. This paper derives fundamental limits and develops a source-selective controller for simultaneous oscillation isolation and grid support. A coupled closed-loop model gives a condition for distinguishing disturbance sources and reveals a direct isolation-support conflict under grid-import-power feedback alone; additional electrical measurements can remove this pointwise conflict but leave a conditional cross-frequency sensitivity limit. Guided by these limits, we design a local residual-feedback storage controller through convex frequency-domain optimization with stability, isolation, and grid-response constraints across operating points. Tests on a single-generator interconnection and a modified nine-bus network show stronger oscillation isolation than equal-order optimized comparators while meeting the prescribed grid response across operating points.
ER -