Green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles using Brassica oleracea leaf extract for dual-functional photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green and adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI)
- 1Department of Chemistry
- 2University of Chittagong
Abstract
Green-synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles using Brassica oleracea leaf extract (BO-SnO2 NPs) were prepared and evaluated for photocatalytic dye degradation and heavy metal adsorption. The biosynthesized BO-SnO2 NPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR (Sn-O-Sn at 583 cm-1), XRD, FESEM, and EDX analyses. XRD analysis revealed a tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 5.32 nm. FESEM showed spherical particles with a mean size of ∼22.65 nm, indicating that the observed particles are agglomerates of several individual crystallites. In photocatalytic experiments, BO-SnO2 NPs achieved a maximum degradation of 95.00% for Malachite Green dye under UV irradiation within 120 min. Batch adsorption studies for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) showed maximum removal of 65.0% at pH 6.0 and 61.5% at pH 2.0 within 60 min, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity increased from 2.60 to 15.60 mg/g for Pb(II) and from 2.46 to 14.70 mg/g for Cr(VI) as the initial concentration increased from 2 to 16 mg/L. The equilibrium data fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with R2 ≥ 0.99, with maximum adsorption capacities of 29.41 mg/g for Pb(II) and 28.65 mg/g for Cr(VI) (Langmuir). The RL values ranging from 0.317 to 0.804 and 1/n values of 0.723 and 0.740 confirmed favorable adsorption. The results suggest that BO-SnO2 NPs are a promising eco-friendly material for wastewater treatment.
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BibTeX
@misc{nahin2026green,
title = {{Green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles using Brassica oleracea leaf extract for dual-functional photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green and adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI)}},
author = {M. Bakhtiar Habib Nahin and M Kamrul Hossain and M Ashiqur R Khan and Faisal Islam Chowdhury},
howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15009324/v1},
url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009324/v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles using Brassica oleracea leaf extract for dual-functional photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green and adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI)
AU - M. Bakhtiar Habib Nahin
AU - M Kamrul Hossain
AU - M Ashiqur R Khan
AU - Faisal Islam Chowdhury
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
PB - ChemRxiv
DO - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15009324/v1
UR - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009324/v1
AB - Green-synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles using Brassica oleracea leaf extract (BO-SnO2 NPs) were prepared and evaluated for photocatalytic dye degradation and heavy metal adsorption. The biosynthesized BO-SnO2 NPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR (Sn-O-Sn at 583 cm-1), XRD, FESEM, and EDX analyses. XRD analysis revealed a tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 5.32 nm. FESEM showed spherical particles with a mean size of ∼22.65 nm, indicating that the observed particles are agglomerates of several individual crystallites. In photocatalytic experiments, BO-SnO2 NPs achieved a maximum degradation of 95.00% for Malachite Green dye under UV irradiation within 120 min. Batch adsorption studies for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) showed maximum removal of 65.0% at pH 6.0 and 61.5% at pH 2.0 within 60 min, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity increased from 2.60 to 15.60 mg/g for Pb(II) and from 2.46 to 14.70 mg/g for Cr(VI) as the initial concentration increased from 2 to 16 mg/L. The equilibrium data fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with R2 ≥ 0.99, with maximum adsorption capacities of 29.41 mg/g for Pb(II) and 28.65 mg/g for Cr(VI) (Langmuir). The RL values ranging from 0.317 to 0.804 and 1/n values of 0.723 and 0.740 confirmed favorable adsorption. The results suggest that BO-SnO2 NPs are a promising eco-friendly material for wastewater treatment.
ER -