Complexity drives the symmetry breaking of temperature fluctuations
Abstract
Frequently, nonextensive systems are described through q-exponential functions, where the q-parameter determines how far a system is from equilibrium. In this work, we study systems constrained to q−1≪1 to describe systems near thermal equilibrium, and derive the probability density function and temperature fluctuations. To this end, we derive the series expansion of the q-exponential function, yielding a perturbative series that is a superposition of gamma distributions. On the other hand, the temperature fluctuations are expressed as a superposition of Dirac delta functions and their derivatives, meaning that the bulk of the system remains at a constant temperature, while point-temperature variations emerge, marking the system's departure from thermal equilibrium. The statistics of the temperature fluctuations exhibit a transition from a symmetric to a nonsymmetric distribution as the nonextensive parameter increases. These results provide evidence of the association between the emergence of nonextensivity and the symmetry breaking of temperature fluctuations.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{herrera2026complexity,
title = {{Complexity drives the symmetry breaking of temperature fluctuations}},
author = {D. Rosales Herrera and M. Y. Gallegos Ruiz and A. Fernández Téllez and J. R. Alvarado García and J. E. Ramírez},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.31521},
eprint = {2609.31521},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31521},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Complexity drives the symmetry breaking of temperature fluctuations
AU - D. Rosales Herrera
AU - M. Y. Gallegos Ruiz
AU - A. Fernández Téllez
AU - J. R. Alvarado García
AU - J. E. Ramírez
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.31521
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31521
AB - Frequently, nonextensive systems are described through q-exponential functions, where the q-parameter determines how far a system is from equilibrium. In this work, we study systems constrained to q−1≪1 to describe systems near thermal equilibrium, and derive the probability density function and temperature fluctuations. To this end, we derive the series expansion of the q-exponential function, yielding a perturbative series that is a superposition of gamma distributions. On the other hand, the temperature fluctuations are expressed as a superposition of Dirac delta functions and their derivatives, meaning that the bulk of the system remains at a constant temperature, while point-temperature variations emerge, marking the system's departure from thermal equilibrium. The statistics of the temperature fluctuations exhibit a transition from a symmetric to a nonsymmetric distribution as the nonextensive parameter increases. These results provide evidence of the association between the emergence of nonextensivity and the symmetry breaking of temperature fluctuations.
ER -