Potential Roles of Flavonoids from Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos in Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism: Mechanistic Insights and Future Perspectives
- 1School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- 2Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
Abstract
Changes in bile acid metabolism are associated with metabolic liver disease, inflammation, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, regulating bile acid homeostasis may help in preventing and treating liver injury and metabolic disorders. Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos contain many bioactive flavonoids and have several reported pharmacological effects. However, how their flavonoids regulate bile acid metabolism has not been reviewed in detail. This review summarizes 52 flavonoids identified in Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos. We review their reported effects on bile acid conjugation and synthesis, secretion and excretion, enterohepatic circulation, and main receptors, including FXR (farnesoid X receptor, nuclear bile acid receptor; regulates synthesis/transport), TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5, GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) bile acid receptor; GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) secretion, energy/anti-inflammation, incretin; glucose/lipid homeostasis), and LXRα (liver X receptor α, nuclear receptor; cholesterol efflux and CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, rate-limiting enzyme of classical bile acid synthesis; cholesterol → 7α-hydroxycholesterol) regulation). We also consider how these pathways may affect inflammation and metabolic disorders. This review relates the reported mechanisms to the traditional use of these medicinal plants for “clearing the liver and promoting bile flow.” It also outlines research needs for assessing natural hepatoprotective and metabolic disease interventions that target bile acid metabolism.
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BibTeX
@article{zhao2026potential,
title = {{Potential Roles of Flavonoids from Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos in Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism: Mechanistic Insights and Future Perspectives}},
author = {Shuhui Zhao and Ling Zeng and Heng Tang and Yuxuan Cui and Runye Zeng and Jingchen Xie},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27209164},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9164},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Potential Roles of Flavonoids from Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos in Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism: Mechanistic Insights and Future Perspectives
AU - Shuhui Zhao
AU - Ling Zeng
AU - Heng Tang
AU - Yuxuan Cui
AU - Runye Zeng
AU - Jingchen Xie
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27209164
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9164
AB - Changes in bile acid metabolism are associated with metabolic liver disease, inflammation, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, regulating bile acid homeostasis may help in preventing and treating liver injury and metabolic disorders. Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos contain many bioactive flavonoids and have several reported pharmacological effects. However, how their flavonoids regulate bile acid metabolism has not been reviewed in detail. This review summarizes 52 flavonoids identified in Chrysanthemi Flos and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos. We review their reported effects on bile acid conjugation and synthesis, secretion and excretion, enterohepatic circulation, and main receptors, including FXR (farnesoid X receptor, nuclear bile acid receptor; regulates synthesis/transport), TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5, GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) bile acid receptor; GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) secretion, energy/anti-inflammation, incretin; glucose/lipid homeostasis), and LXRα (liver X receptor α, nuclear receptor; cholesterol efflux and CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, rate-limiting enzyme of classical bile acid synthesis; cholesterol → 7α-hydroxycholesterol) regulation). We also consider how these pathways may affect inflammation and metabolic disorders. This review relates the reported mechanisms to the traditional use of these medicinal plants for “clearing the liver and promoting bile flow.” It also outlines research needs for assessing natural hepatoprotective and metabolic disease interventions that target bile acid metabolism.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -