Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Green-Synthesized with Cosmos caudatus : Phytochemical Surface Coordination and Suppression of MCF-7 Migration
4 affiliations
- 1Universiti Sains Malaysia , , , ,
- 2Federal University Dutsin-Ma , , , ,
- 3Cihan University Erbil , , ,
- 4Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research , , , ,
Abstract
Phytochemical-mediated synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) is dominated by a narrow set of plant substrates, and extending this chemical space to phylogenetically distinct species remains an open question. Herein, we report the first application of Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf extract, rich in quercetin glycosides, catechins, and chlorogenic acid, to the green sonochemical synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CC-SPION), benchmarked against an extract-free control (Bare-SPION). Acoustic cavitation combined with phytochemical reduction produced a crystalline inverse-spinel iron oxide in 25 min at near ambient temperature. TEM revealed near-monodisperse, semispherical primary particles of 7.30 ± 0.88 nm smaller than green-synthesized iron oxides in related studies; the TEM primary-particle diameter (7.30 nm) and XRD crystallite size (7.25 nm) were in close agreement, with FE-SEM reporting larger drying-induced aggregates (7.7–17.5 nm). Multipeak XRD analysis showed the crystallite size fell from 11.61 nm (Bare-SPION) to 7.25 nm (CC-SPION). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) corroborated the elemental compositions, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) substantiated the existence of Cosmos caudatus chemicals within the nanoparticle composition. This coordinated phytochemical corona raised the zeta-potential magnitude from −20.4 to −42.5 mV, conferring electrosteric stabilization (PDI ≈ 0.08). VSM confirmed superparamagnetism at 298 K (Ms = 43.99 emu/g; with no coercivity and remanence). CC-SPION was noncytotoxic to HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells across 31.25–500 μg Fe/mL (ISO 10993–5; viability ≥70%), reduced MCF-7 wound closure over 24–48 h, and showed dose-dependent cell association/localization. These findings establish C. caudatus sonochemistry as a route to mechanistically well-defined ultrasmall biocompatible SPION for prospective MRI and antimigratory applications.
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BibTeX
@article{lawal2026ultrasmall,
title = {{Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Green-Synthesized with Cosmos caudatus : Phytochemical Surface Coordination and Suppression of MCF-7 Migration}},
author = {Abubakar Usman Lawal and Nik Noor Ashikin Nik Ab Razak and Farhank Saber Braim and Mohammed Ali Dheyab and Azlan Abdul Aziz},
journal = {ACS Omega},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c09393},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09393/5462090/Ultrasmall-Superparamagnetic-Fe3O4-Nanoparticles},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Green-Synthesized with Cosmos caudatus : Phytochemical Surface Coordination and Suppression of MCF-7 Migration
AU - Abubakar Usman Lawal
AU - Nik Noor Ashikin Nik Ab Razak
AU - Farhank Saber Braim
AU - Mohammed Ali Dheyab
AU - Azlan Abdul Aziz
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
JO - ACS Omega
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.6c09393
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09393/5462090/Ultrasmall-Superparamagnetic-Fe3O4-Nanoparticles
AB - Phytochemical-mediated synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) is dominated by a narrow set of plant substrates, and extending this chemical space to phylogenetically distinct species remains an open question. Herein, we report the first application of Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf extract, rich in quercetin glycosides, catechins, and chlorogenic acid, to the green sonochemical synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CC-SPION), benchmarked against an extract-free control (Bare-SPION). Acoustic cavitation combined with phytochemical reduction produced a crystalline inverse-spinel iron oxide in 25 min at near ambient temperature. TEM revealed near-monodisperse, semispherical primary particles of 7.30 ± 0.88 nm smaller than green-synthesized iron oxides in related studies; the TEM primary-particle diameter (7.30 nm) and XRD crystallite size (7.25 nm) were in close agreement, with FE-SEM reporting larger drying-induced aggregates (7.7–17.5 nm). Multipeak XRD analysis showed the crystallite size fell from 11.61 nm (Bare-SPION) to 7.25 nm (CC-SPION). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) corroborated the elemental compositions, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) substantiated the existence of Cosmos caudatus chemicals within the nanoparticle composition. This coordinated phytochemical corona raised the zeta-potential magnitude from −20.4 to −42.5 mV, conferring electrosteric stabilization (PDI ≈ 0.08). VSM confirmed superparamagnetism at 298 K (Ms = 43.99 emu/g; with no coercivity and remanence). CC-SPION was noncytotoxic to HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells across 31.25–500 μg Fe/mL (ISO 10993–5; viability ≥70%), reduced MCF-7 wound closure over 24–48 h, and showed dose-dependent cell association/localization. These findings establish C. caudatus sonochemistry as a route to mechanistically well-defined ultrasmall biocompatible SPION for prospective MRI and antimigratory applications.
SN - 2470-1343
ER -