Combinations of measurements that are simultaneous fits of parameters of interest and systematic uncertainties using the BLUE method
Abstract
Combining estimates of the same physics parameter obtained from different measurements improves the precision and robustness of the parameter determination. Modern particle physics measurements are often performed using likelihood fits that include the physics parameter(s) of interest together with nuisance parameters representing systematic uncertainties. In high-statistics analyses, typical of many analyses at the Large Hadron Collider, these nuisance parameters can be constrained in the likelihood fits. We describe how the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator method for combinations can be applied to both the estimates of the parameters of interest and the estimates of the nuisance parameters. We show with concrete example combinations that including the nuisance parameters can improve the precision on the parameters of interest. We show with pseudo-experiments that the uncertainty reported by the combination is reliable and that the approximate likelihood combination proposed in a previous publication and implemented in the Convino software reports an underestimated uncertainty. The method is implemented in an open-source software tool, Combiner.
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BibTeX
@misc{dado2026combinations,
title = {{Combinations of measurements that are simultaneous fits of parameters of interest and systematic uncertainties using the BLUE method}},
author = {Tomas Dado and Mark Owen and Michele Pinamonti},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.11461},
eprint = {2609.11461},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11461},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Combinations of measurements that are simultaneous fits of parameters of interest and systematic uncertainties using the BLUE method
AU - Tomas Dado
AU - Mark Owen
AU - Michele Pinamonti
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.11461
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11461
AB - Combining estimates of the same physics parameter obtained from different measurements improves the precision and robustness of the parameter determination. Modern particle physics measurements are often performed using likelihood fits that include the physics parameter(s) of interest together with nuisance parameters representing systematic uncertainties. In high-statistics analyses, typical of many analyses at the Large Hadron Collider, these nuisance parameters can be constrained in the likelihood fits. We describe how the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator method for combinations can be applied to both the estimates of the parameters of interest and the estimates of the nuisance parameters. We show with concrete example combinations that including the nuisance parameters can improve the precision on the parameters of interest. We show with pseudo-experiments that the uncertainty reported by the combination is reliable and that the approximate likelihood combination proposed in a previous publication and implemented in the Convino software reports an underestimated uncertainty. The method is implemented in an open-source software tool, Combiner.
ER -