Random groups in the square model have property (T) at densities over 5/12

Abstract

A random group in the square model 𝒬(n,d) is given by a presentation with n generators and a uniformly random set of (2n−1)^4d cyclically reduced relators of length 4 over them. We prove that if d>5/12, then a random group in 𝒬(n,d) has Kazhdan's property (T) asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.). This provides a new construction of infinite word-hyperbolic Kazhdan groups when d∈(5/12, 1/2). Moreover, also for d>5/12, we show that a random group in the square model a.a.s. has property (FL^p) for an increasing range of values of p, and property (F_X) for any fixed uniformly curved Banach space X. These results lead to bounds on the conformal dimension of the boundary of a random group in the square model. In the process we devise a method of applying the spectral link criteria for property (T), and other fixed point properties, to the groups presented by relations of length 4. In order to use it for the square model, we verify the required spectral gap hypothesis by the trace method, in the spirit of the work of Broder-Shamir.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{orlef2026random,
  title = {{Random groups in the square model have property (T) at densities over $\frac512$}},
  author = {Damian Orlef and Tomasz Odrzygóźdź},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.24037},
  eprint = {2609.24037},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24037},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Random groups in the square model have property (T) at densities over 5/12
AU  - Damian Orlef
AU  - Tomasz Odrzygóźdź
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/21
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.24037
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24037
AB  - A random group in the square model 𝒬(n,d) is given by a presentation with n generators and a uniformly random set of (2n−1)^4d cyclically reduced relators of length 4 over them. We prove that if d>5/12, then a random group in 𝒬(n,d) has Kazhdan's property (T) asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.). This provides a new construction of infinite word-hyperbolic Kazhdan groups when d∈(5/12, 1/2). Moreover, also for d>5/12, we show that a random group in the square model a.a.s. has property (FL^p) for an increasing range of values of p, and property (F_X) for any fixed uniformly curved Banach space X. These results lead to bounds on the conformal dimension of the boundary of a random group in the square model. In the process we devise a method of applying the spectral link criteria for property (T), and other fixed point properties, to the groups presented by relations of length 4. In order to use it for the square model, we verify the required spectral gap hypothesis by the trace method, in the spirit of the work of Broder-Shamir.
ER  -

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