Optimal Fast Charging of All-Solid-State Batteries under Cathode Transport Constraints
Abstract
Fast charging of all-solid-state batteries is limited by solid-state transport in the positive electrode, which can generate substantial concentration nonuniformity under aggressive charging. We formulate fast charging as a minimum-time boundary-control problem for a one-dimensional cathode diffusion model, subject to a terminal average-concentration target and a path constraint on the bulk-to-surface concentration difference. For constant diffusivity, we prove existence of a global minimizer and show that every minimum-time policy is maximal-feasible: the charging rate remains at its upper bound until the transport constraint becomes active and subsequently follows the active boundary. This structure motivates an offline-online strategy in which precomputed PDE responses are combined through low-dimensional algebraic operations, avoiding repeated PDE-constrained optimization. Numerical refinement and perturbation studies verify the predicted control structure and constraint satisfaction. We further investigate concentration-dependent diffusivity, quantify the robustness of the constant-diffusivity policy under model transfer, and introduce a blockwise nonlinear correction that restores admissibility when the transferred policy violates the transport constraint.
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BibTeX
@misc{bouchaara2026optimal,
title = {{Optimal Fast Charging of All-Solid-State Batteries under Cathode Transport Constraints}},
author = {Mustapha Bouchaara and Abdessamad Belfakir and Abderrahmane Habbal and Ahmed Ratnani},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.26524},
eprint = {2609.26524},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26524},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Optimal Fast Charging of All-Solid-State Batteries under Cathode Transport Constraints
AU - Mustapha Bouchaara
AU - Abdessamad Belfakir
AU - Abderrahmane Habbal
AU - Ahmed Ratnani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.26524
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26524
AB - Fast charging of all-solid-state batteries is limited by solid-state transport in the positive electrode, which can generate substantial concentration nonuniformity under aggressive charging. We formulate fast charging as a minimum-time boundary-control problem for a one-dimensional cathode diffusion model, subject to a terminal average-concentration target and a path constraint on the bulk-to-surface concentration difference. For constant diffusivity, we prove existence of a global minimizer and show that every minimum-time policy is maximal-feasible: the charging rate remains at its upper bound until the transport constraint becomes active and subsequently follows the active boundary. This structure motivates an offline-online strategy in which precomputed PDE responses are combined through low-dimensional algebraic operations, avoiding repeated PDE-constrained optimization. Numerical refinement and perturbation studies verify the predicted control structure and constraint satisfaction. We further investigate concentration-dependent diffusivity, quantify the robustness of the constant-diffusivity policy under model transfer, and introduce a blockwise nonlinear correction that restores admissibility when the transferred policy violates the transport constraint.
ER -