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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Antiviral activity of Rumex crispus extract and its bioactive constituent emodin against human coronavirus OC43

  • Seungju Cho1
  • Jang Hoon Kim2
  • Siyun Lee3
  • Chunghyeon Lee4
  • Yong-Goo Kim
  • Eunji Cho
  • Jayhyun Park
  • Junsoo Park
4 affiliations
  1. 1Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
  2. 2Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
  3. 3Analysis & Evaluation department, Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, Wonju, Korea
  4. 4Department of Analysis and Assessment, Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, Wonju, Korea
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Abstract

Coronaviruses are responsible for diseases ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe infections such as COVID-19. Despite the availability of vaccines and therapeutic agents, the emergence of new variants and drug-resistant strains highlights the need for additional antiviral strategies. In this study, Rumex crispus was investigated as a potential source of antiviral compounds. The ethanol (EtOH) extract of R. crispus roots was prepared and subsequently fractionated into n-hexane (n-hex), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous fractions. Among these, the n-hexane and EA fractions exhibited significant antiviral activity against human coronavirus OC43, as demonstrated by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and plaque assays. Chemical analysis of the extract by HPLC led to the identification of epicatechin, naphthalene derivatives, and anthraquinones. Notably, emodin, an anthraquinone, showed pronounced antiviral activity, and was found to be enriched in the active n-hexane and EA fractions. These findings suggest that emodin may contribute to the antiviral activity of R. crispus extract, although the potential involvement of other bioactive constituents cannot be excluded.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{cho2026antiviral,
  title = {{Antiviral activity of Rumex crispus extract and its bioactive constituent emodin against human coronavirus OC43}},
  author = {Seungju Cho and Jang Hoon Kim and Siyun Lee and Chunghyeon Lee and Yong-Goo Kim and Eunji Cho and Jayhyun Park and Junsoo Park},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0362181},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362181},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Antiviral activity of Rumex crispus extract and its bioactive constituent emodin against human coronavirus OC43
AU  - Seungju Cho
AU  - Jang Hoon Kim
AU  - Siyun Lee
AU  - Chunghyeon Lee
AU  - Yong-Goo Kim
AU  - Eunji Cho
AU  - Jayhyun Park
AU  - Junsoo Park
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/05
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0362181
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362181
AB  - Coronaviruses are responsible for diseases ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe infections such as COVID-19. Despite the availability of vaccines and therapeutic agents, the emergence of new variants and drug-resistant strains highlights the need for additional antiviral strategies. In this study, Rumex crispus was investigated as a potential source of antiviral compounds. The ethanol (EtOH) extract of R. crispus roots was prepared and subsequently fractionated into n-hexane (n-hex), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous fractions. Among these, the n-hexane and EA fractions exhibited significant antiviral activity against human coronavirus OC43, as demonstrated by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and plaque assays. Chemical analysis of the extract by HPLC led to the identification of epicatechin, naphthalene derivatives, and anthraquinones. Notably, emodin, an anthraquinone, showed pronounced antiviral activity, and was found to be enriched in the active n-hexane and EA fractions. These findings suggest that emodin may contribute to the antiviral activity of R. crispus extract, although the potential involvement of other bioactive constituents cannot be excluded.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -