Event-by-event net-charge fluctuations in pp, OO, Ne-Ne, and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Abstract
Investigations involving the event-by-event fluctuations of conserved quantities, like net charge, net baryon number, and strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, provide insights into the properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. Event-by-event fluctuations of net electric charge in pp collisions at √s = 13 and $13.6$ TeV and for OO, Ne-Ne, and Pb-Pb collisions at √(sNN) = 5.36 TeV are studied by analysing the data collected by the ALICE detector at CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is carried out in terms of the variable νdyn[+,−], chosen for its robustness against detector efficiency losses. The observed dependence of νdyn[+,−] on the charged-particle density shows a smooth, energy-independent decrease in the magnitude of νdyn[+,−] from smaller to larger collision systems. The negative values of νdyn[+,−] indicate a dominance of correlations between oppositely charged particle pairs compared with those arising from like-sign charge pairs. Since νdyn[+,−] is known to have an intrinsic dependence on multiplicity, an appropriate scaling is applied. The variable is therefore scaled with the mean multiplicities, 1/(1/(⟨ N+ ⟩) + 1/(⟨ N- ⟩)). The dependence of the scaled values of νdyn[+,−] on charged particle density is also looked into. The results are compared with model calculations from PYTHIA, EPOS4, AMPT and HIJING.
Related
- Testing thermal equilibrium in heavy-ion collisions with electric-charge fluctuations
- Correlations and fluctuations of flow with event shape engineering in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at the LHC
- The role of strangeness and baryon enhancement in heavy-quark hadronisation from pp to Pb−Pb collisions with ALICE
- Search for 4Li̅ from p̅+3He̅ femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at √(sNN) =5.36 TeV with ALICE
- Exploring Collective Effects in Small Collision Systems via Light-Flavour Particle Production in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at √s= 13 TeV in ALICE
BibTeX
@misc{malik2026eventbyevent,
title = {{Event-by-event net-charge fluctuations in pp, OO, Ne-Ne, and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC}},
author = {Nida Malik},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.09586},
eprint = {2610.09586},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09586},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Event-by-event net-charge fluctuations in pp, OO, Ne-Ne, and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
AU - Nida Malik
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.09586
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09586
AB - Investigations involving the event-by-event fluctuations of conserved quantities, like net charge, net baryon number, and strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, provide insights into the properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. Event-by-event fluctuations of net electric charge in pp collisions at √s = 13 and $13.6$ TeV and for OO, Ne-Ne, and Pb-Pb collisions at √(s_NN) = 5.36 TeV are studied by analysing the data collected by the ALICE detector at CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is carried out in terms of the variable ν_dyn[+,−], chosen for its robustness against detector efficiency losses. The observed dependence of ν_dyn[+,−] on the charged-particle density shows a smooth, energy-independent decrease in the magnitude of ν_dyn[+,−] from smaller to larger collision systems. The negative values of ν_dyn[+,−] indicate a dominance of correlations between oppositely charged particle pairs compared with those arising from like-sign charge pairs. Since ν_dyn[+,−] is known to have an intrinsic dependence on multiplicity, an appropriate scaling is applied. The variable is therefore scaled with the mean multiplicities, 1/(1/(⟨ N_+ ⟩) + 1/(⟨ N_- ⟩)). The dependence of the scaled values of ν_dyn[+,−] on charged particle density is also looked into. The results are compared with model calculations from PYTHIA, EPOS4, AMPT and HIJING.
ER -