Generalized parton distributions: Theory meets experiment
Abstract
Over the past three decades, generalized parton distributions (GPDs) have emerged as one of the most active and important areas of research in nucleon structure and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Since the last comprehensive review two decades ago, substantial progress has been made in experimental measurements of hard exclusive processes, such as deeply virtual Compton scattering and near-threshold J/ψ production, as well as in increasingly sophisticated phenomenological analyses of GPDs that enable three-dimensional nucleon tomography. Theoretical advances in perturbative coefficient functions, scale evolutions, and kinematic and power corrections have considerably improved the precision of GPD phenomenology, while new hard exclusive processes for probing GPDs have been explored. More interestingly, lattice QCD can now directly access GPDs at fixed parton momentum fractions x and skewness ξ through large-momentum expansions, in addition to the traditional calculations of their moments, or generalized form factors. Significant progress has also been made in exploring the QCD energy-momentum tensor that encodes fundamental information on the nucleon's mass distribution, complete spin structure, and spatial distributions of momentum current and color-Lorentz forces acting on quarks and gluons.
Related
- Generalized parton distributions of the nucleon in the chiral quark soliton model: Sum over all quark states at nonzero skewness and momentum transfer
- Leading-twist to higher-twist generalized parton distributions of the pseudoscalar mesons at non-zero skewness
- Neural Network Representation of Generalized Parton Distributions (NNGPD)
- Generalized Parton Distributions: Phenomenology, Extraction, and Hadron Imaging
- Brownian GPDs: A Stochastic Calculus Approach to Generalized Parton Distributions from Integral Constraints
BibTeX
@misc{guo2026generalized,
title = {{Generalized parton distributions: Theory meets experiment}},
author = {Yuxun Guo and Xiangdong Ji and Yao Ji and Jialu Zhang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.19544},
eprint = {2609.19544},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19544},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Generalized parton distributions: Theory meets experiment
AU - Yuxun Guo
AU - Xiangdong Ji
AU - Yao Ji
AU - Jialu Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/17
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.19544
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19544
AB - Over the past three decades, generalized parton distributions (GPDs) have emerged as one of the most active and important areas of research in nucleon structure and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Since the last comprehensive review two decades ago, substantial progress has been made in experimental measurements of hard exclusive processes, such as deeply virtual Compton scattering and near-threshold J/ψ production, as well as in increasingly sophisticated phenomenological analyses of GPDs that enable three-dimensional nucleon tomography. Theoretical advances in perturbative coefficient functions, scale evolutions, and kinematic and power corrections have considerably improved the precision of GPD phenomenology, while new hard exclusive processes for probing GPDs have been explored. More interestingly, lattice QCD can now directly access GPDs at fixed parton momentum fractions x and skewness ξ through large-momentum expansions, in addition to the traditional calculations of their moments, or generalized form factors. Significant progress has also been made in exploring the QCD energy-momentum tensor that encodes fundamental information on the nucleon's mass distribution, complete spin structure, and spatial distributions of momentum current and color-Lorentz forces acting on quarks and gluons.
ER -