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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0ACS Omega

A Composable 3D-Printed Platform for Rapid Sequential Sample Injection in Mass Spectrometry

  • Olanrewaju Awoyemi1
  • Amanda Overby2
  • Herbi Yuliantoro3
  • Samuel Fisher1
  • Stephen J. Valentine4
  • Peng Li3
4 affiliations
  1. 1West Virginia University , , , ,
  2. 2Mercer University , , , ,
  3. 3Lehigh University , , , ,
  4. 4University of Louisville , , , ,
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Abstract

We developed a composable 3D-printed platform for rapid sequential sample injection in mass spectrometry (MS). The platform works in a well plate-like format and allows direct loading of discrete sample droplets by micropipette or automated liquid handling. Droplets are separated by air gaps during transport and are directly coupled to MS through capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI). Liquid-infused surface treatment was used to improve compatibility of the 3D-printed microchannels with MS analysis. The platform was evaluated for device operation, throughput, quantitative performance, and carryover. A throughput of ∼20 s per sample was achieved at 50 μL/min. Quantitative analysis of lysine gave a linear response with R2 = 0.9986, and carryover was evaluated across chemically distinct small molecules. These results demonstrate that the platform supports air-separated droplet transport, rapid sequential analysis of different samples, and quantitative MS measurements in a simple, modular, and customizable format.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{awoyemi2026composable,
  title = {{A Composable 3D-Printed Platform for Rapid Sequential Sample Injection in Mass Spectrometry}},
  author = {Olanrewaju Awoyemi and Amanda Overby and Herbi Yuliantoro and Samuel Fisher and Stephen J. Valentine and Peng Li},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c10346},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c10346/5462587/A-Composable-3D-Printed-Platform-for-Rapid},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Composable 3D-Printed Platform for Rapid Sequential Sample Injection in Mass Spectrometry
AU  - Olanrewaju Awoyemi
AU  - Amanda Overby
AU  - Herbi Yuliantoro
AU  - Samuel Fisher
AU  - Stephen J. Valentine
AU  - Peng Li
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/03
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c10346
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c10346/5462587/A-Composable-3D-Printed-Platform-for-Rapid
AB  - We developed a composable 3D-printed platform for rapid sequential sample injection in mass spectrometry (MS). The platform works in a well plate-like format and allows direct loading of discrete sample droplets by micropipette or automated liquid handling. Droplets are separated by air gaps during transport and are directly coupled to MS through capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI). Liquid-infused surface treatment was used to improve compatibility of the 3D-printed microchannels with MS analysis. The platform was evaluated for device operation, throughput, quantitative performance, and carryover. A throughput of ∼20 s per sample was achieved at 50 μL/min. Quantitative analysis of lysine gave a linear response with R2 = 0.9986, and carryover was evaluated across chemically distinct small molecules. These results demonstrate that the platform supports air-separated droplet transport, rapid sequential analysis of different samples, and quantitative MS measurements in a simple, modular, and customizable format.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -