Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Coeliac Disease in Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: A 5-Year Nationwide Prospective Study From Kuwait.
- 1Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- 2Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- 3Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
Abstract
Aims
Kuwait has one of the highest global incidences of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet little is known about the burden of coeliac disease (CD) in this population. We aimed to determine the prevalence/incidence of CD in children newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait and identify associated risk factors.Methods
In this prospective cohort study, all 1938 children (≤ 14 years) diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled and followed for 5 years post-diagnosis. CD development was defined by intestinal biopsy confirmation. Cox univariable regression models quantified associations between several characteristics at T1D diagnosis (age, sex, DKA, height z-score and BMI z-score) and incident CD risk.Results
Four baseline CD cases were excluded. Of the remaining 1934 children, 65 (3.4%) developed CD during follow-up. The median time to CD diagnosis was 1.5 years; 40% were diagnosed within the first year. The incidence rate within the first year following T1D diagnosis was 1.35 (95% CI 0.92-1.99) per 100 person-years and generally declined over subsequent years of follow-up. While age at diagnosis showed no clear effect shortly after T1D diagnosis, older age was associated with progressively lower CD risk over longer follow-up, with the risk of CD being 33% lower per one-year increase in age at diagnosis by 5 years of follow-up; no other baseline factors investigated were significant.Conclusion
This nationwide prospective study highlights the burden and timing of biopsy-confirmed CD after T1D onset. CD occurred most frequently during the early years after T1D diagnosis, with a higher risk among younger children, supporting particular attention to screening in these groups.
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BibTeX
@article{alkandari2026incidence,
title = {{Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Coeliac Disease in Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: A 5-Year Nationwide Prospective Study From Kuwait.}},
author = {Hessa Al-Kandari and Wafaa Al-Qabandi and Mohammed T Hudda and Aisha Alsaqabi and Lujain D AlAbduljaleel and Rawand Rafat Toma and Ahlam Mustafa and Fawaz Al-Refaee and Dalia Al-Abdulrazzaq},
journal = {Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/dmrr.70246},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949632},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Coeliac Disease in Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: A 5-Year Nationwide Prospective Study From Kuwait.
AU - Hessa Al-Kandari
AU - Wafaa Al-Qabandi
AU - Mohammed T Hudda
AU - Aisha Alsaqabi
AU - Lujain D AlAbduljaleel
AU - Rawand Rafat Toma
AU - Ahlam Mustafa
AU - Fawaz Al-Refaee
AU - Dalia Al-Abdulrazzaq
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
DO - 10.1002/dmrr.70246
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949632
AB - Aims Kuwait has one of the highest global incidences of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet little is known about the burden of coeliac disease (CD) in this population. We aimed to determine the prevalence/incidence of CD in children newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait and identify associated risk factors.Methods In this prospective cohort study, all 1938 children (≤ 14 years) diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled and followed for 5 years post-diagnosis. CD development was defined by intestinal biopsy confirmation. Cox univariable regression models quantified associations between several characteristics at T1D diagnosis (age, sex, DKA, height z-score and BMI z-score) and incident CD risk.Results Four baseline CD cases were excluded. Of the remaining 1934 children, 65 (3.4%) developed CD during follow-up. The median time to CD diagnosis was 1.5 years; 40% were diagnosed within the first year. The incidence rate within the first year following T1D diagnosis was 1.35 (95% CI 0.92-1.99) per 100 person-years and generally declined over subsequent years of follow-up. While age at diagnosis showed no clear effect shortly after T1D diagnosis, older age was associated with progressively lower CD risk over longer follow-up, with the risk of CD being 33% lower per one-year increase in age at diagnosis by 5 years of follow-up; no other baseline factors investigated were significant.Conclusion This nationwide prospective study highlights the burden and timing of biopsy-confirmed CD after T1D onset. CD occurred most frequently during the early years after T1D diagnosis, with a higher risk among younger children, supporting particular attention to screening in these groups.
SN - 1520-7552
SN - 1520-7560
ER -