Whey Protein Isolate and Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Infusion Modulates Muscle Damage and Inflammatory Biomarkers Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Sedentary Males
4 affiliations
- 1Doctoral Program in Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- 2Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- 4Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can induce muscle damage and inflammatory responses, particularly in sedentary individuals. This study investigated the effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) combined with sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) infusion on muscle damage and inflammation following HIIT in sedentary male individuals. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 39 sedentary males who were allocated to three groups: WPI-sappan (n=14), WPI (n=13), and control (n=12). The participants completed treadmill-based HIIT. The WPI-sappan group received 30 g of WPI combined with a sappan wood infusion prepared from 8.3 g of sappan wood powder. The WPI group received a WPI beverage, whereas the control group consumed a carbohydrate-only drink. All beverages contained 20 g of sucrose. Supplementation was administered immediately after exercise and daily for 4 d. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), skeletal troponin I (sTnI), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 concentrations were measured at baseline and at 24, 48, and 96 h post-exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. CK concentrations increased significantly after HIIT across all groups, with significant effects of time, treatment, and the time×treatment interaction (P<0.05). The WPI-sappan group demonstrated lower CK concentrations during recovery than the control group. IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower in the WPI-sappan group (P=0.024), whereas IL-10 showed a significant time×treatment interaction (P=0.010). No significant treatment effects were observed for LDH or sTnI. WPI combined with sappan wood modulated selected biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation following HIIT in sedentary males.
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BibTeX
@article{fitranti2026whey,
title = {{Whey Protein Isolate and Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Infusion Modulates Muscle Damage and Inflammatory Biomarkers Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Sedentary Males}},
author = {Deny Yudi Fitranti and Vania Hasyyati and Diana Nur Afifah and Denny Agustiningsih and Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa’},
journal = {Preventive Nutrition and Food Science},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3746/pnf.2026.118},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2026.118},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Whey Protein Isolate and Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Infusion Modulates Muscle Damage and Inflammatory Biomarkers Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Sedentary Males
AU - Deny Yudi Fitranti
AU - Vania Hasyyati
AU - Diana Nur Afifah
AU - Denny Agustiningsih
AU - Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa’
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
DO - 10.3746/pnf.2026.118
UR - https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2026.118
AB - High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can induce muscle damage and inflammatory responses, particularly in sedentary individuals. This study investigated the effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) combined with sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) infusion on muscle damage and inflammation following HIIT in sedentary male individuals. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 39 sedentary males who were allocated to three groups: WPI-sappan (n=14), WPI (n=13), and control (n=12). The participants completed treadmill-based HIIT. The WPI-sappan group received 30 g of WPI combined with a sappan wood infusion prepared from 8.3 g of sappan wood powder. The WPI group received a WPI beverage, whereas the control group consumed a carbohydrate-only drink. All beverages contained 20 g of sucrose. Supplementation was administered immediately after exercise and daily for 4 d. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), skeletal troponin I (sTnI), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 concentrations were measured at baseline and at 24, 48, and 96 h post-exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. CK concentrations increased significantly after HIIT across all groups, with significant effects of time, treatment, and the time×treatment interaction (P<0.05). The WPI-sappan group demonstrated lower CK concentrations during recovery than the control group. IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower in the WPI-sappan group (P=0.024), whereas IL-10 showed a significant time×treatment interaction (P=0.010). No significant treatment effects were observed for LDH or sTnI. WPI combined with sappan wood modulated selected biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation following HIIT in sedentary males.
SN - 2287-1098
SN - 2287-8602
ER -