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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Virologica Sinica

Epidemiological characteristics and in-hospital burden of infectious mononucleosis among hospitalized children in China, 2021–2023

  • Yuxin Shao1,2,3
  • Xinyu Wang4
  • Ziyi Su1,2,3
  • Yueping Zeng5
  • Guoshuang Feng4
  • Zhengde Xie1,2,3
  • Ran Wang1,2,3
5 affiliations
  1. 1Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
  2. 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Core Technologies for the Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Children, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100045, China
  3. 3Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
  4. 4Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
  5. 5Medical Record Management Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
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Abstract

This multicenter study described the epidemiological characteristics, recorded first-ranked secondary diagnoses, and in-hospital burden of pediatric infectious mononucleosis (IM) hospitalizations in China during 2021–2023. Data were obtained from the FUTURE database. We identified hospitalizations with IM as the principal discharge diagnosis from discharge-record front pages at 31 tertiary children's hospitals between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023, and analyzed demographic, geographic, temporal, diagnostic, length-of-stay (LOS), and expense data using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression. Among 15,239 IM hospitalizations, representing 0.42% of all hospitalizations, the male-to-female ratio was 1.34. Children aged 4–6 years comprised the largest group, followed by those aged 1–3 and 7–12 years; 70.32% were urban residents, and admissions peaked in August and September. After adjustment for age, sex, seven-category geographic area, and month, the proportion of IM hospitalizations among all hospitalizations was lower in 2023 than in 2021–2022 (adjusted rate ratio, 0.822; 95% CI, 0.784–0.861; P ​< ​0.001). A first-ranked secondary diagnosis was recorded in 68.29% of cases; bronchitis/pneumonia was the most common category, followed by hepatic dysfunction. Median LOS was 7 days, and median hospitalization expense was CNY 5563.07. Encephalitis was recorded in only 15 cases, which had the highest observed median LOS and hospitalization expenses. These findings provide a large multicenter baseline for the epidemiological patterns and in-hospital burden of pediatric IM hospitalizations across participating tertiary children's hospitals in China and may inform future surveillance and resource planning.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{shao2026epidemiological,
  title = {{Epidemiological characteristics and in-hospital burden of infectious mononucleosis among hospitalized children in China, 2021–2023}},
  author = {Yuxin Shao and Xinyu Wang and Ziyi Su and Yueping Zeng and Guoshuang Feng and Zhengde Xie and Ran Wang},
  journal = {Virologica Sinica},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1016/j.virs.2026.09.004},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.09.004},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiological characteristics and in-hospital burden of infectious mononucleosis among hospitalized children in China, 2021–2023
AU  - Yuxin Shao
AU  - Xinyu Wang
AU  - Ziyi Su
AU  - Yueping Zeng
AU  - Guoshuang Feng
AU  - Zhengde Xie
AU  - Ran Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/10
JO  - Virologica Sinica
DO  - 10.1016/j.virs.2026.09.004
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.09.004
AB  - This multicenter study described the epidemiological characteristics, recorded first-ranked secondary diagnoses, and in-hospital burden of pediatric infectious mononucleosis (IM) hospitalizations in China during 2021–2023. Data were obtained from the FUTURE database. We identified hospitalizations with IM as the principal discharge diagnosis from discharge-record front pages at 31 tertiary children's hospitals between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023, and analyzed demographic, geographic, temporal, diagnostic, length-of-stay (LOS), and expense data using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression. Among 15,239 IM hospitalizations, representing 0.42% of all hospitalizations, the male-to-female ratio was 1.34. Children aged 4–6 years comprised the largest group, followed by those aged 1–3 and 7–12 years; 70.32% were urban residents, and admissions peaked in August and September. After adjustment for age, sex, seven-category geographic area, and month, the proportion of IM hospitalizations among all hospitalizations was lower in 2023 than in 2021–2022 (adjusted rate ratio, 0.822; 95% CI, 0.784–0.861; P ​< ​0.001). A first-ranked secondary diagnosis was recorded in 68.29% of cases; bronchitis/pneumonia was the most common category, followed by hepatic dysfunction. Median LOS was 7 days, and median hospitalization expense was CNY 5563.07. Encephalitis was recorded in only 15 cases, which had the highest observed median LOS and hospitalization expenses. These findings provide a large multicenter baseline for the epidemiological patterns and in-hospital burden of pediatric IM hospitalizations across participating tertiary children's hospitals in China and may inform future surveillance and resource planning.
SN  - 1674-0769
SN  - 1995-820X
ER  -