Constraints on the Low-frequency Radio Emission of the Galactic FRB Source SGR 1935+2154

Abstract

We present a search for radio pulses from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154, a well-known source of fast radio bursts (FRBs), at ∼110 MHz using the Large Phased Array (LPA) of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory. Data from two active periods in 2020 (March -- May and September -- November, with ∼ 3.5 minutes of daily coverage) were analyzed with new methods tailored to both FRB-like single pulses and pulsar-like periodic signals. No significant FRB-like pulses were found. Using Monte Carlo simulations, 3σ upper limits were derived for the burst rate: for a log-normal energy distribution the limit is ∼10^1.5 d⁻¹ for a mean of average monochromatic isotropic luminosity L_ν,mean∼1.3×10²⁹ erg s⁻¹ Hz⁻¹ and a natural log-space scatter of σ∼0.85; while for a power-law distribution it is ∼10^1.8 d⁻¹ for an index β≲3.0 and a minimum average monochromatic isotropic luminosity L_ν,min≲0.7×10²⁵ erg s⁻¹ Hz⁻¹. When folded at the known 3.24781628 s period of SGR 1935+2154, a weak pulse was noted (S/N < 3.16), but the significance is insufficient for a secure detection of the pulsar-like emission signal. A conservative upper limit on the average monochromatic isotropic luminosity of any possible periodic emission is 2.08×10¹⁹ erg s⁻¹ Hz⁻¹. Our results offer meaningful low-frequency upper limits on the burst rate of SGR 1935+2154, and hint for very faint pulsar-like radiation at meter wavelengths.

Constraints on the Low-frequency Radio Emission of the Galactic Fast Radio Burst Source SGR 1935+2154
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BibTeX

@misc{hu2026constraints,
  title = {{Constraints on the Low-frequency Radio Emission of the Galactic FRB Source SGR 1935+2154}},
  author = {Chen-Ran Hu and Jinhuang Cao and S. A. Tyul'bashev and Pei Wang and Yong-Feng Huang and E. A. Brylyakova and G. E. Tyul'basheva and Jin-Jun Geng and Orkash Amat and Ze-Cheng Zou and Chen Du and Nurimangul Nurmamat and Lang Cui and Fan Xu and Xiao-Fei Dong and Chen Deng},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.08668},
  eprint = {2609.08668},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08668},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Constraints on the Low-frequency Radio Emission of the Galactic FRB Source SGR 1935+2154
AU  - Chen-Ran Hu
AU  - Jinhuang Cao
AU  - S. A. Tyul'bashev
AU  - Pei Wang
AU  - Yong-Feng Huang
AU  - E. A. Brylyakova
AU  - G. E. Tyul'basheva
AU  - Jin-Jun Geng
AU  - Orkash Amat
AU  - Ze-Cheng Zou
AU  - Chen Du
AU  - Nurimangul Nurmamat
AU  - Lang Cui
AU  - Fan Xu
AU  - Xiao-Fei Dong
AU  - Chen Deng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/08
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.08668
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08668
AB  - We present a search for radio pulses from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154, a well-known source of fast radio bursts (FRBs), at ∼110 MHz using the Large Phased Array (LPA) of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory. Data from two active periods in 2020 (March -- May and September -- November, with ∼ 3.5 minutes of daily coverage) were analyzed with new methods tailored to both FRB-like single pulses and pulsar-like periodic signals. No significant FRB-like pulses were found. Using Monte Carlo simulations, 3σ upper limits were derived for the burst rate: for a log-normal energy distribution the limit is ∼10^1.5 d^−1 for a mean of average monochromatic isotropic luminosity L_ν,mean∼1.3×10^29 erg s^−1 Hz^−1 and a natural log-space scatter of σ∼0.85; while for a power-law distribution it is ∼10^1.8 d^−1 for an index β≲3.0 and a minimum average monochromatic isotropic luminosity L_ν,min≲0.7×10^25 erg s^−1 Hz^−1. When folded at the known 3.24781628 s period of SGR 1935+2154, a weak pulse was noted (S/N < 3.16), but the significance is insufficient for a secure detection of the pulsar-like emission signal. A conservative upper limit on the average monochromatic isotropic luminosity of any possible periodic emission is 2.08×10^19 erg s^−1 Hz^−1. Our results offer meaningful low-frequency upper limits on the burst rate of SGR 1935+2154, and hint for very faint pulsar-like radiation at meter wavelengths.
ER  -

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