Impact of Training Settings on Hormonal Status, Body Weight, and Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Nutrition and Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain 15551 UAE uaeu.ac.ae
- 2Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Washington State University Spokane Washington 99202 USA wsu.edu
- 3Department of Radiology College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain 15551 UAE uaeu.ac.ae
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain 15551 UAE uaeu.ac.ae
- 5Department of Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain 15551 UAE uaeu.ac.ae
Abstract
This study explored how different physical training settings affect hormonal and metabolic responses in male Wistar rats (n = 28). Rats were randomly assigned to a control (no‐exercise), ET4 (4‐week training), ET8 (8‐week training), DT4 (4 week training and then 4‐week detraining), and PCA (4‐week training and then 4‐week detraining + PCA). Serum hormones, muscle secretions, glycogen, pyruvate, HK, and PFK were analyzed. The groups were compared using one‐way ANOVA, with Cohen’s d and Pearson’s correlation for associations. Machine learning models predicted body weight and glucose levels from training settings. Eight‐week training significantly elevated IL‐6 (p = 0.021, d = 2.04), IGF‐1 (p = 0.012, d = 1.96), cortisol (p = 0.0277, d = 1.677) and testosterone‐to‐cortisol (p = 0.009, d = 2.465), and leptin (p = 0.001, d = 3.098) vs. control. Furthermore, 4–8 weeks of training resulted in a significant increase in the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells compared with the respective control groups. Myostatin was reduced with 4‐week training (p = 0.002, d = 2.273) and further after 8 week (p = 0.014, d = 1.613). PCA supplementation increased pyruvate levels (p = 0.005, d = 1.31). Key correlations were found between IL‐6 and ghrelin (r = −0.52, p = 0.005), FGF‐21 and T/A (r = 0.47, p = 0.012), and IGF‐1 with aldosterone (r = 0.47, p = 0.012) and cortisol (r = −0.50, p = 0.006). Machine learning revealed total training weeks as the strongest predictor of body weight (XGBoost), while recent training (last 2 weeks) best predicted glucose levels (LightGBM). Metabolic adaptations emerged within 2 weeks, including improvement in IL‐6, IGF‐1, ghrelin, cortisol, aldosterone, and blood glucose, with effects amplified by 8 weeks of training. PCA supplementation regulated energy metabolism during detraining.
Related
- Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive Exposure on Pancreatic β-Cell Adaptation and Glucose Homeostasis: A Systematic Review.
- Associations Between Serum Osteocalcin and Metabolic, Nutritional, and Hormonal Status in Male Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Editorial: Hormonal responses in women across the lifespan and their impact on physical performance
- A Context-Informed Framework for Interpreting Iron Status in Heterogeneous Settings: Insights from Peru
- Physical Fitness Outcomes in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Judo Training in Inclusive Settings with Neurotypical Peers
BibTeX
@article{shakoor2026impact,
title = {{Impact of Training Settings on Hormonal Status, Body Weight, and Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats}},
author = {H. Shakoor and C. Platat and A. Riabinin and A. Parveen and J. Kizhakkayil and B. Sadek and C. Dsouza and E. Adeghate and Y. Statsenko},
journal = {Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1155/jnme/8668755},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/8668755},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Impact of Training Settings on Hormonal Status, Body Weight, and Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats
AU - H. Shakoor
AU - C. Platat
AU - A. Riabinin
AU - A. Parveen
AU - J. Kizhakkayil
AU - B. Sadek
AU - C. Dsouza
AU - E. Adeghate
AU - Y. Statsenko
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
JO - Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
DO - 10.1155/jnme/8668755
UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/8668755
AB - This study explored how different physical training settings affect hormonal and metabolic responses in male Wistar rats (n = 28). Rats were randomly assigned to a control (no‐exercise), ET4 (4‐week training), ET8 (8‐week training), DT4 (4 week training and then 4‐week detraining), and PCA (4‐week training and then 4‐week detraining + PCA). Serum hormones, muscle secretions, glycogen, pyruvate, HK, and PFK were analyzed. The groups were compared using one‐way ANOVA, with Cohen’s d and Pearson’s correlation for associations. Machine learning models predicted body weight and glucose levels from training settings. Eight‐week training significantly elevated IL‐6 (p = 0.021, d = 2.04), IGF‐1 (p = 0.012, d = 1.96), cortisol (p = 0.0277, d = 1.677) and testosterone‐to‐cortisol (p = 0.009, d = 2.465), and leptin (p = 0.001, d = 3.098) vs. control. Furthermore, 4–8 weeks of training resulted in a significant increase in the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells compared with the respective control groups. Myostatin was reduced with 4‐week training (p = 0.002, d = 2.273) and further after 8 week (p = 0.014, d = 1.613). PCA supplementation increased pyruvate levels (p = 0.005, d = 1.31). Key correlations were found between IL‐6 and ghrelin (r = −0.52, p = 0.005), FGF‐21 and T/A (r = 0.47, p = 0.012), and IGF‐1 with aldosterone (r = 0.47, p = 0.012) and cortisol (r = −0.50, p = 0.006). Machine learning revealed total training weeks as the strongest predictor of body weight (XGBoost), while recent training (last 2 weeks) best predicted glucose levels (LightGBM). Metabolic adaptations emerged within 2 weeks, including improvement in IL‐6, IGF‐1, ghrelin, cortisol, aldosterone, and blood glucose, with effects amplified by 8 weeks of training. PCA supplementation regulated energy metabolism during detraining.
SN - 2090-0724
SN - 2090-0732
ER -