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PreprintarXiv licencearXiv

Magnetic anisotropy in the near-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2

  • Riju Pal
  • Joyal John Abraham
  • Satyabrata Bera
  • Mintu Mondal
  • Atindra Nath Pal
  • Bernd Buchner
  • Vladislav Kataev
  • Alexey Alfonsov
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Abstract

Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets such as the series Fe3−xGeTe2, with a relatively high Curie temperature and robust metallicity, offer an ideal platform for investigating itinerant magnetism in reduced dimensions. Here, we present a comprehensive electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of single-crystalline almost-stoichiometric Fe3.03 ± 0.03GeTe2 across wide ranges of frequencies, temperatures, and magnetic fields to gain quantitative insights into its magnetic anisotropy and spin dynamics. Frequency-dependent ESR measurements establish Fe3GeTe2 as an easy-axis ferromagnet. Temperature-dependent high-field ESR reveals a large internal field that gradually decreases at higher temperatures. Remarkably, this internal field persists even above TC, evidencing short-range spin correlations in Fe3GeTe2. Analysis of spin-wave modes yields a strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy Kint ≈ − 5 × 106 erg cm−3 at 3 K and a large magnon gap Δ(3 K) ≈ 87.8 ± 13.7 GHz (≈ 0.363 ± 0.057 meV). Our study highlights that small variations in Fe content in Fe3GeTe2 lead to substantial changes in the magnon gap at low temperatures, indicating the extreme sensitivity of spin dynamics to the chemical composition. These results establish Fe3GeTe2 as a model vdW ferromagnet for exploring tunable anisotropies and magnon excitations in metallic 2D magnets.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{pal2026magnetic,
  title = {{Magnetic anisotropy in the near-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$}},
  author = {Riju Pal and Joyal John Abraham and Satyabrata Bera and Mintu Mondal and Atindra Nath Pal and Bernd Buchner and Vladislav Kataev and Alexey Alfonsov},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.24543},
  eprint = {2607.24543},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24543},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Magnetic anisotropy in the near-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe_3GeTe_2
AU  - Riju Pal
AU  - Joyal John Abraham
AU  - Satyabrata Bera
AU  - Mintu Mondal
AU  - Atindra Nath Pal
AU  - Bernd Buchner
AU  - Vladislav Kataev
AU  - Alexey Alfonsov
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/27
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.24543
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24543
AB  - Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets such as the series Fe_3−xGeTe_2, with a relatively high Curie temperature and robust metallicity, offer an ideal platform for investigating itinerant magnetism in reduced dimensions. Here, we present a comprehensive electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of single-crystalline almost-stoichiometric Fe_3.03 ± 0.03GeTe_2 across wide ranges of frequencies, temperatures, and magnetic fields to gain quantitative insights into its magnetic anisotropy and spin dynamics. Frequency-dependent ESR measurements establish Fe_3GeTe_2 as an easy-axis ferromagnet. Temperature-dependent high-field ESR reveals a large internal field that gradually decreases at higher temperatures. Remarkably, this internal field persists even above T_C, evidencing short-range spin correlations in Fe_3GeTe_2. Analysis of spin-wave modes yields a strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy K_int ≈ − 5 × 10^6 erg cm^−3 at 3 K and a large magnon gap Δ(3 K) ≈ 87.8 ± 13.7 GHz (≈ 0.363 ± 0.057 meV). Our study highlights that small variations in Fe content in Fe_3GeTe_2 lead to substantial changes in the magnon gap at low temperatures, indicating the extreme sensitivity of spin dynamics to the chemical composition. These results establish Fe_3GeTe_2 as a model vdW ferromagnet for exploring tunable anisotropies and magnon excitations in metallic 2D magnets.
ER  -