JWST Nebular Spectroscopy of SN 2023qov: Circumstellar Dust Emission in a Normal Type Ia Supernova

@article{macrie2026jwst,
  title = {{JWST Nebular Spectroscopy of SN 2023qov: Circumstellar Dust Emission in a Normal Type Ia Supernova}},
  author = {Colin W. Macrie and Conor Larison and Huei Sears and Lindsey A. Kwok and Saurabh W. Jha and Mi Dai and Joel Johansson and Stéphane Blondin and Moira Andrews and K. Auchettl and Carles Badenes and Barnabás Barna and K. Azalee Bostroem and Thomas G. Brink and Kyle W. Davis and Joseph R. Farah and Alexei V. Filippenko and Ori D. Fox and Or Graur and Saarah Hall and D. Andrew Howell and Griffin Hosseinzadeh and Anders Jerkstrand and Réka Könyves-Tóth and C. Lidman and Keiichi Maeda and Kate Maguire and Bailey Martin and Adam Miller and Megan Newsome and Estefania Padilla Gonzalez and Abigail Polin and Armin Rest and Zoe A. Rosenberg and David J. Sand and Michaela Schwab and Matthew R. Siebert and Mridweeka Singh and Tamás Szalai and Tea Temim and Jacco H. Terwel and Brad E. Tucker and József Vinkó and Lingzhi Wang and Xiaofeng Wang and WeiKang Zheng},
  journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae9bbf},
  url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9bbf},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - JWST Nebular Spectroscopy of SN 2023qov: Circumstellar Dust Emission in a Normal Type Ia Supernova
AU  - Colin W. Macrie
AU  - Conor Larison
AU  - Huei Sears
AU  - Lindsey A. Kwok
AU  - Saurabh W. Jha
AU  - Mi Dai
AU  - Joel Johansson
AU  - Stéphane Blondin
AU  - Moira Andrews
AU  - K. Auchettl
AU  - Carles Badenes
AU  - Barnabás Barna
AU  - K. Azalee Bostroem
AU  - Thomas G. Brink
AU  - Kyle W. Davis
AU  - Joseph R. Farah
AU  - Alexei V. Filippenko
AU  - Ori D. Fox
AU  - Or Graur
AU  - Saarah Hall
AU  - D. Andrew Howell
AU  - Griffin Hosseinzadeh
AU  - Anders Jerkstrand
AU  - Réka Könyves-Tóth
AU  - C. Lidman
AU  - Keiichi Maeda
AU  - Kate Maguire
AU  - Bailey Martin
AU  - Adam Miller
AU  - Megan Newsome
AU  - Estefania Padilla Gonzalez
AU  - Abigail Polin
AU  - Armin Rest
AU  - Zoe A. Rosenberg
AU  - David J. Sand
AU  - Michaela Schwab
AU  - Matthew R. Siebert
AU  - Mridweeka Singh
AU  - Tamás Szalai
AU  - Tea Temim
AU  - Jacco H. Terwel
AU  - Brad E. Tucker
AU  - József Vinkó
AU  - Lingzhi Wang
AU  - Xiaofeng Wang
AU  - WeiKang Zheng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - The Astrophysical Journal
DO  - 10.3847/1538-4357/ae9bbf
UR  - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9bbf
AB  - We present panchromatic observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2023qov, ranging from ∼2 weeks before to ∼1 yr after maximum light. JWST near- and mid-infrared spectra at +276 and +363 days show ∼400 K dust emission that cools by ∼75 K between epochs, the first unambiguous spectroscopic detection of dust emission in a normal SN Ia. We find that the emission is well described by models of carbonaceous dust placed within ∼1 lt-yr of the SN, with a dust mass of ∼10 ⁻⁴ M ⊙ . We do not see evidence of active dust creation, suggesting an infrared light echo by preexisting circumstellar dust as the likely source of the emission. The JWST nebular line profiles suggest asymmetric, stratified ejecta, similar to other normal SNe Ia, though a slight double-horn structure in the argon lines indicates a toroidal enhancement. SN 2023qov exhibits a slightly red, fast-declining early light curve (Δ m ₁₅ ( B ) = 1.47 ± 0.05 mag), from which we determine a ⁵⁶ Ni mass of M ₅₆ = 0.21 ± 0.04 M ⊙ , and a distance of d = 36.0 ± 1.8 Mpc to the SN and its host, NGC 7029. The presence of circumstellar dust around a normal SN Ia has implications both for the progenitor system, suggesting a less than pristine environment, and for cosmology, as a possible source of reddening and extinction that can affect distance inferences.
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
ER  -