Estimating High-Energy Neutrino Effective Areas from Muon Propagation
Abstract
Neutrino telescopes observe neutrinos through the muons produced by charged-current interactions. Most of those muons are born kilometers outside the detector, and how much energy they lose on the way is stochastic. We show that we can compute analytically the distance a muon travels before it falls below the detection threshold, while describing the statistical properties of its losses. Our result reproduces Monte Carlo propagation to within 3%, and with two parameters per detector it matches the effective areas published by IceCube, KM3NeT/ARCA, and P-ONE to about 1%. We then show how this model can be used in point-source sensitivities, energy reconstruction, and consistency checks between detectors. The calculation disentangles muon-transport physics from a detector's response, so a new detector or loss model can be quickly benchmarked.
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BibTeX
@misc{meighenberger2026estimating,
title = {{Estimating High-Energy Neutrino Effective Areas from Muon Propagation}},
author = {Stephan A. Meighen-Berger},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.40188},
eprint = {2609.40188},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.40188},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Estimating High-Energy Neutrino Effective Areas from Muon Propagation
AU - Stephan A. Meighen-Berger
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.40188
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.40188
AB - Neutrino telescopes observe neutrinos through the muons produced by charged-current interactions. Most of those muons are born kilometers outside the detector, and how much energy they lose on the way is stochastic. We show that we can compute analytically the distance a muon travels before it falls below the detection threshold, while describing the statistical properties of its losses. Our result reproduces Monte Carlo propagation to within 3%, and with two parameters per detector it matches the effective areas published by IceCube, KM3NeT/ARCA, and P-ONE to about 1%. We then show how this model can be used in point-source sensitivities, energy reconstruction, and consistency checks between detectors. The calculation disentangles muon-transport physics from a detector's response, so a new detector or loss model can be quickly benchmarked.
ER -