Latent Profile Subtypes of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.
- 1School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
- 2Laboratory of Geriatric Nursing and Health, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
- 3Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
To identify latent subtypes of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), so as to provide reference for developing targeted psychological intervention strategies. A cross-sectional survey enrolled 423 hospitalized elderly CHF patients from June 2025 to May 2026. Assessments included SDS, SAS, Family APGAR, MLHFQ and PNI. Different from conventional SDS total-score-based severity grouping, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed based on item-level responses of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) to derive depressive symptom profiles. Univariate tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine variables associated with profile membership. Three depressive-symptom latent profiles were identified from SDS item-level data, which largely followed a mild-to-moderate-to-severe symptom gradient: mild low-symptom type (50.35%), moderate emotion-predominant type (34.52%), severe somatic-cognitive type (15.13%). NYHA class III (OR=2.444, 95% CI: 1.238-4.823) / IV (OR=4.301, 95% CI: 1.814-10.196), living alone (OR=2.887, 95% CI: 1.630-5.113), and malnutrition (OR=1.775, 95% CI: 1.022-3.082) were independently associated with membership in the moderate emotion-predominant profile. Widowhood/divorce (OR=9.226, 95% CI: 2.695-31.586), polypharmacy (≥6 drugs) (OR=5.856, 95% CI: 1.295-26.472), and severe anxiety (OR=4.911, 95% CI: 1.275-18.921) were exclusive associated factors for the severe somatic-cognitive profile. Advanced cardiac dysfunction, solitary living and family dysfunction elevated odds for both moderate and severe profiles; mild anxiety (OR=0.183, 95% CI: 0.036-0.932) and moderate quality of life (OR=0.069, 95% CI: 0.006-0.758) were associated with lower odds of belonging to the severe-symptom profile. Depressive symptoms among elderly CHF patients show obvious heterogeneity and present an overall mild-to-moderate-to-severe symptom gradient. Our findings highlight potential high-risk groups (solitary-living patients, malnourished patients, patients with severe cardiac dysfunction and poor family support). These observational results may inform future development of stratified psychological-intervention approaches, although intervention effectiveness was not evaluated in the present cross-sectional study.
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BibTeX
@article{hu2026latent,
title = {{Latent Profile Subtypes of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.}},
author = {Qiao Hu and Yanyan Shao and Shinan Yu and Xianqing Yang and Miaomiao Li and Zheyuan Xia and Xiaoqing Yang and Xiang Wang},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.2147/jmdh.s646486},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999817},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Latent Profile Subtypes of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.
AU - Qiao Hu
AU - Yanyan Shao
AU - Shinan Yu
AU - Xianqing Yang
AU - Miaomiao Li
AU - Zheyuan Xia
AU - Xiaoqing Yang
AU - Xiang Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare
DO - 10.2147/jmdh.s646486
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999817
AB - To identify latent subtypes of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), so as to provide reference for developing targeted psychological intervention strategies. A cross-sectional survey enrolled 423 hospitalized elderly CHF patients from June 2025 to May 2026. Assessments included SDS, SAS, Family APGAR, MLHFQ and PNI. Different from conventional SDS total-score-based severity grouping, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed based on item-level responses of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) to derive depressive symptom profiles. Univariate tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine variables associated with profile membership. Three depressive-symptom latent profiles were identified from SDS item-level data, which largely followed a mild-to-moderate-to-severe symptom gradient: mild low-symptom type (50.35%), moderate emotion-predominant type (34.52%), severe somatic-cognitive type (15.13%). NYHA class III (OR=2.444, 95% CI: 1.238-4.823) / IV (OR=4.301, 95% CI: 1.814-10.196), living alone (OR=2.887, 95% CI: 1.630-5.113), and malnutrition (OR=1.775, 95% CI: 1.022-3.082) were independently associated with membership in the moderate emotion-predominant profile. Widowhood/divorce (OR=9.226, 95% CI: 2.695-31.586), polypharmacy (≥6 drugs) (OR=5.856, 95% CI: 1.295-26.472), and severe anxiety (OR=4.911, 95% CI: 1.275-18.921) were exclusive associated factors for the severe somatic-cognitive profile. Advanced cardiac dysfunction, solitary living and family dysfunction elevated odds for both moderate and severe profiles; mild anxiety (OR=0.183, 95% CI: 0.036-0.932) and moderate quality of life (OR=0.069, 95% CI: 0.006-0.758) were associated with lower odds of belonging to the severe-symptom profile. Depressive symptoms among elderly CHF patients show obvious heterogeneity and present an overall mild-to-moderate-to-severe symptom gradient. Our findings highlight potential high-risk groups (solitary-living patients, malnourished patients, patients with severe cardiac dysfunction and poor family support). These observational results may inform future development of stratified psychological-intervention approaches, although intervention effectiveness was not evaluated in the present cross-sectional study.
SN - 1178-2390
ER -