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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDNature Communications

Interacting non-Hermitian edge and cluster bursts on a digital quantum processor

  • Jin Ming Koh1,2
  • Wen‐Tan Xue3
  • Tommy Tai4
  • Dax Enshan Koh5,6,7,8
  • Ching Hua Lee9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  2. 2Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
  3. 3Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
  4. 4Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
  5. 5Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
  6. 6Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
  7. 7Quantum Innovation Centre (Q.InC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
  8. 8Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
  9. 9Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. [email protected]
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Abstract

Dissipation can drive striking dynamics in lossy quantum systems. Instead of a uniform decay, the system’s energy density can transiently surge toward its boundaries, a phenomenon known as the non-Hermitian edge burst. Thus far, this effect has only been observed in single-particle contexts. Extending it to an interacting, many-body setting is challenging as tunable interactions are difficult to realize in conventional platforms, and simulating non-Hermitian evolution is demanding on quantum processors. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing a digital quantum simulation approach that, for the first time in non-Hermitian simulation, composes a linear combination of unitaries scheme and product formulae. Our framework is efficient in classical preprocessing costs and circuit sizes, thus enabling the study of long-time behavior on large systems. By realizing an interacting quantum ladder model on a superconducting quantum processor, we uncover novel interaction-driven phenomena of spatially extended edge patterns and cluster bursts emerging deep within the bulk, which are unexpected departures from single-particle behavior. Our experiments reveal clear edge-burst signatures in systems of up to 64 unit cells and directly probe the closing of the dissipative gap, a necessary condition for the edge burst. Beyond establishing these generalized forms of edge burst phenomena, our study opens a pathway for digital quantum processors to be harnessed as a versatile platform for non-Hermitian physics.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{koh2026interacting,
  title = {{Interacting non-Hermitian edge and cluster bursts on a digital quantum processor}},
  author = {Jin Ming Koh and Wen‐Tan Xue and Tommy Tai and Dax Enshan Koh and Ching Hua Lee},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-75904-x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75904-x},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Interacting non-Hermitian edge and cluster bursts on a digital quantum processor
AU  - Jin Ming Koh
AU  - Wen‐Tan Xue
AU  - Tommy Tai
AU  - Dax Enshan Koh
AU  - Ching Hua Lee
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/28
JO  - Nature Communications
DO  - 10.1038/s41467-026-75904-x
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75904-x
AB  - Dissipation can drive striking dynamics in lossy quantum systems. Instead of a uniform decay, the system’s energy density can transiently surge toward its boundaries, a phenomenon known as the non-Hermitian edge burst. Thus far, this effect has only been observed in single-particle contexts. Extending it to an interacting, many-body setting is challenging as tunable interactions are difficult to realize in conventional platforms, and simulating non-Hermitian evolution is demanding on quantum processors. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing a digital quantum simulation approach that, for the first time in non-Hermitian simulation, composes a linear combination of unitaries scheme and product formulae. Our framework is efficient in classical preprocessing costs and circuit sizes, thus enabling the study of long-time behavior on large systems. By realizing an interacting quantum ladder model on a superconducting quantum processor, we uncover novel interaction-driven phenomena of spatially extended edge patterns and cluster bursts emerging deep within the bulk, which are unexpected departures from single-particle behavior. Our experiments reveal clear edge-burst signatures in systems of up to 64 unit cells and directly probe the closing of the dissipative gap, a necessary condition for the edge burst. Beyond establishing these generalized forms of edge burst phenomena, our study opens a pathway for digital quantum processors to be harnessed as a versatile platform for non-Hermitian physics.
SN  - 2041-1723
ER  -