Exoplanet Detection Techniques: Radial Velocity

@misc{luque2026exoplanet,
  title = {{Exoplanet Detection Techniques: Radial Velocity}},
  author = {Rafael Luque and Matthew R. Standing},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.29378},
  eprint = {2609.29378},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29378},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Exoplanet Detection Techniques: Radial Velocity
AU  - Rafael Luque
AU  - Matthew R. Standing
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/27
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.29378
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29378
AB  - The radial velocity (RV) technique enabled the discovery of the first exoplanets orbiting Sun-like stars. Since then, improvements in precision and sensitivity have enabled the detection of smaller planets, bringing us closer to the goal of discovering Earth analogs in the coming years. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the radial velocity method. We begin with a detailed description of the technique, including how precise radial velocities are measured and what limitations must be addressed to achieve reliable detection of small signals. We examine the unique challenges associated with the detection of circumbinary planets and outline the developments that have, for the first time, made their detection feasible using the radial velocity method. With over 2,000 planets detected to date, the radial velocity method remains one of the most reliable techniques, offering valuable insights into the demographics of exoplanets, especially at long orbital distances. As an example of its applications, we provide an analysis and interpretation of three publicly available radial velocity datasets: one from a single star, one for a circumbinary planet system, and another from a single star with transiting planets. Furthermore, we compile information on the spectrographs currently and soon-to-be available worldwide for radial velocity observations and a list of open-source tools designed for their analysis. In the Supplementary Material, we include a sample telescope proposal for obtaining radial velocity data, along with practical tips on writing a competitive proposal to aid early-career researchers entering the field. This chapter serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the capabilities and applications of the radial velocity method, equipping readers with the knowledge and resources to address their own scientific questions using this technique.
ER  -