Association of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease with left ventricular ejection fraction and serum creatinine in patients with heart failure: An exploratory retrospective cross-sectional study
- 1Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Hatay ,Türkiye
- 2Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Hatay, Türkiye
Abstract
Background: Hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common comorbidities in patients with heart failure (HF) and may be associated with cardiac function and renal impairment. However, their relationships with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum creatinine may vary across clinical populations.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of HT, DM, and CAD with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum creatinine levels in patients with HF.Methods: This exploratory retrospective cross-sectional study included 50 adults with documented HF randomly selected from 162 eligible patients treated at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Training and Research Hospital, Türkiye, between January 1 and June 30, 2026. Data were extracted from electronic health records, including age, sex, HT, DM, CAD, LVEF, and serum creatinine. Between-group comparisons were performed using Welch’s t-test, with Mann–Whitney U tests as sensitivity analyses. The association between LVEF and serum creatinine was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation, with Pearson’s correlation as a secondary analysis. Statistical tests were exploratory, and no adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.Results: The mean age of participants was 69.1 ± 11.6 years, and 36 (72.0%) were male. HT was present in 35 (70.0%) patients, DM in 18 (36.0%), and CAD in 42 (84.0%). The mean LVEF was 32.8 ± 9.2%, and the mean serum creatinine level was 1.63 ± 1.02 mg/dL. No statistically significant differences in LVEF or serum creatinine were observed between patients with and without HT, DM, or CAD (all Welch’s p values > 0.05). Spearman’s correlation showed a weak, non-significant inverse association between LVEF and serum creatinine (ρ = −0.121, p = 0.402; bootstrap 95% CI, −0.405 to 0.176). Pearson’s correlation was also non-significant (r = −0.062, p = 0.667).Conclusion: In this small exploratory sample of patients with HF, HT, DM, and CAD were not significantly associated with LVEF or serum creatinine, and the correlation between LVEF and serum creatinine was weak and non-significant. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited sample size, imprecision of estimates, and lack of adjustment for potential confounders. Larger studies with more comprehensive clinical data are needed to clarify these relationships.
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BibTeX
@article{alkan2026association,
title = {{Association of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease with left ventricular ejection fraction and serum creatinine in patients with heart failure: An exploratory retrospective cross-sectional study}},
author = {Mehmet Alkan and Taner Fuygunoğlu and Ali Ezer and Ali Karakuş and Mustafa Polat},
journal = {Journal of Preventive and Complementary Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.22034/jpcm.2026.585714.1347},
url = {https://doi.org/10.22034/jpcm.2026.585714.1347},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease with left ventricular ejection fraction and serum creatinine in patients with heart failure: An exploratory retrospective cross-sectional study
AU - Mehmet Alkan
AU - Taner Fuygunoğlu
AU - Ali Ezer
AU - Ali Karakuş
AU - Mustafa Polat
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/25
JO - Journal of Preventive and Complementary Medicine
DO - 10.22034/jpcm.2026.585714.1347
UR - https://doi.org/10.22034/jpcm.2026.585714.1347
AB - Background: Hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common comorbidities in patients with heart failure (HF) and may be associated with cardiac function and renal impairment. However, their relationships with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum creatinine may vary across clinical populations.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of HT, DM, and CAD with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum creatinine levels in patients with HF.Methods: This exploratory retrospective cross-sectional study included 50 adults with documented HF randomly selected from 162 eligible patients treated at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Training and Research Hospital, Türkiye, between January 1 and June 30, 2026. Data were extracted from electronic health records, including age, sex, HT, DM, CAD, LVEF, and serum creatinine. Between-group comparisons were performed using Welch’s t-test, with Mann–Whitney U tests as sensitivity analyses. The association between LVEF and serum creatinine was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation, with Pearson’s correlation as a secondary analysis. Statistical tests were exploratory, and no adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.Results: The mean age of participants was 69.1 ± 11.6 years, and 36 (72.0%) were male. HT was present in 35 (70.0%) patients, DM in 18 (36.0%), and CAD in 42 (84.0%). The mean LVEF was 32.8 ± 9.2%, and the mean serum creatinine level was 1.63 ± 1.02 mg/dL. No statistically significant differences in LVEF or serum creatinine were observed between patients with and without HT, DM, or CAD (all Welch’s p values > 0.05). Spearman’s correlation showed a weak, non-significant inverse association between LVEF and serum creatinine (ρ = −0.121, p = 0.402; bootstrap 95% CI, −0.405 to 0.176). Pearson’s correlation was also non-significant (r = −0.062, p = 0.667).Conclusion: In this small exploratory sample of patients with HF, HT, DM, and CAD were not significantly associated with LVEF or serum creatinine, and the correlation between LVEF and serum creatinine was weak and non-significant. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited sample size, imprecision of estimates, and lack of adjustment for potential confounders. Larger studies with more comprehensive clinical data are needed to clarify these relationships.
SN - 3041-9700
SN - 3041-9921
ER -