Self-management behaviors in patients with H-type hypertension: a latent profile analysis within the health ecological model
- 1Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- 2School of Nursing, Qingdao University
Abstract
Background: H-type hypertension confers a substantially greater risk of stroke than elevated blood pressure or homocysteine alone. Beyond stroke, hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in endothelial dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress, arterial stiffening, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and progression of chronic kidney disease. Self-management is an effective secondary prevention strategy for H-type hypertension, yet research on self-management behaviors in these patients remains limited and has mostly adopted a variable-centered approach.
Objective: The study aimed to explore the current status and latent profiles of self-management behaviors among patients with H-type hypertension, and to examine the factors associated with profile membership within the health ecological model.
Method: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 310 patients from a tertiary hospital in eastern China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and standardized instruments assessing hypertension self-management behaviors, eHealth literacy, perceived social support, perceived stress, hospital anxiety and depression, and resilience. Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 were used to identify latent profiles and the correlates of profile membership.
Results: The mean standardized self-management behavior score was 67.34 ± 13.82. Four latent profiles of self-management behaviors were identified: Low self-management pattern (18.4%), Moderate self-management-treatment monitoring pattern (21.0%), Moderate self-management-lifestyle pattern (19.0%), and High self-management pattern (41.6%). Profile membership was significantly associated with the presence of comorbidity, eHealth literacy, and social support.
Conclusions: Self-management behaviors among patients with H-type hypertension were at a moderate level and showed substantial heterogeneity, with four distinct profiles. Individualized strategies tailored to the characteristics of each profile, targeting potentially modifiable correlates such as eHealth literacy and perceived social support, may be worth developing and evaluating prospectively in order to enhance patients’ self-management behaviors.
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BibTeX
@article{ma2026selfmanagement,
title = {{Self-management behaviors in patients with H-type hypertension: a latent profile analysis within the health ecological model}},
author = {Lei Ma and Jingru Liang and Xiuqing Fang and Mengjie Yang and Hong Zhang and Tong Zhao and Ting Liu},
journal = {Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2026.1903891},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1903891/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Self-management behaviors in patients with H-type hypertension: a latent profile analysis within the health ecological model
AU - Lei Ma
AU - Jingru Liang
AU - Xiuqing Fang
AU - Mengjie Yang
AU - Hong Zhang
AU - Tong Zhao
AU - Ting Liu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/21
JO - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
DO - 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1903891
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1903891/full
AB - Background: H-type hypertension confers a substantially greater risk of stroke than elevated blood pressure or homocysteine alone. Beyond stroke, hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in endothelial dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress, arterial stiffening, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and progression of chronic kidney disease. Self-management is an effective secondary prevention strategy for H-type hypertension, yet research on self-management behaviors in these patients remains limited and has mostly adopted a variable-centered approach. Objective: The study aimed to explore the current status and latent profiles of self-management behaviors among patients with H-type hypertension, and to examine the factors associated with profile membership within the health ecological model. Method: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 310 patients from a tertiary hospital in eastern China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and standardized instruments assessing hypertension self-management behaviors, eHealth literacy, perceived social support, perceived stress, hospital anxiety and depression, and resilience. Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 were used to identify latent profiles and the correlates of profile membership. Results: The mean standardized self-management behavior score was 67.34 ± 13.82. Four latent profiles of self-management behaviors were identified: Low self-management pattern (18.4%), Moderate self-management-treatment monitoring pattern (21.0%), Moderate self-management-lifestyle pattern (19.0%), and High self-management pattern (41.6%). Profile membership was significantly associated with the presence of comorbidity, eHealth literacy, and social support. Conclusions: Self-management behaviors among patients with H-type hypertension were at a moderate level and showed substantial heterogeneity, with four distinct profiles. Individualized strategies tailored to the characteristics of each profile, targeting potentially modifiable correlates such as eHealth literacy and perceived social support, may be worth developing and evaluating prospectively in order to enhance patients’ self-management behaviors.
SN - 2297-055X
ER -