Tayler Instability and Its Saturation in Rotating Stars
Abstract
In stably stratified regions of rotating stars, magnetic instabilities play a key role by enabling dynamo and angular momentum transport. In particular, the Tayler instability of wound-up toroidal fields has long been considered to drive the Tayler-Spruit dynamo. However, the nonlinear saturation of the instability is poorly understood, despite its central role in the dynamo loop. In this paper, we use global simulations to verify the recently completed linear theory of the Tayler instability and determine its saturation. We confirm the picture of overstability of magnetostrophic and inertial waves, which grow on similar magnetostrophic timescales but oscillate with different frequencies. We find that magnetostrophic waves saturate with large amplitudes δB/B∼ 1 and dissipate the toroidal field on magnetostrophic timescales, while inertial waves saturate with δB/B≪ 1 and erode the toroidal field over much longer timescales. Moreover, magnetostrophic waves efficiently regenerate axisymmetric poloidal fields through nonlinear couplings while inertial waves do not. Our results indicate that the Tayler-Spruit dynamo can operate only through the magnetostrophic wave branch and that its steady-state may follow the scenario proposed by \cite{spruit2002dynamo}, ruling out the small-amplitude saturation scenario proposed by \cite{fuller2019slowing}. Implications for angular momentum transport and magnetic field amplification in evolving stars and nascent neutron stars are discussed.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{skoutnev2026tayler,
title = {{Tayler Instability and Its Saturation in Rotating Stars}},
author = {Valentin Skoutnev and Andrei Beloborodov},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38107},
eprint = {2610.38107},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38107},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Tayler Instability and Its Saturation in Rotating Stars
AU - Valentin Skoutnev
AU - Andrei Beloborodov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38107
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38107
AB - In stably stratified regions of rotating stars, magnetic instabilities play a key role by enabling dynamo and angular momentum transport. In particular, the Tayler instability of wound-up toroidal fields has long been considered to drive the Tayler-Spruit dynamo. However, the nonlinear saturation of the instability is poorly understood, despite its central role in the dynamo loop. In this paper, we use global simulations to verify the recently completed linear theory of the Tayler instability and determine its saturation. We confirm the picture of overstability of magnetostrophic and inertial waves, which grow on similar magnetostrophic timescales but oscillate with different frequencies. We find that magnetostrophic waves saturate with large amplitudes δB/B∼ 1 and dissipate the toroidal field on magnetostrophic timescales, while inertial waves saturate with δB/B≪ 1 and erode the toroidal field over much longer timescales. Moreover, magnetostrophic waves efficiently regenerate axisymmetric poloidal fields through nonlinear couplings while inertial waves do not. Our results indicate that the Tayler-Spruit dynamo can operate only through the magnetostrophic wave branch and that its steady-state may follow the scenario proposed by \cite{spruit2002dynamo}, ruling out the small-amplitude saturation scenario proposed by \cite{fuller2019slowing}. Implications for angular momentum transport and magnetic field amplification in evolving stars and nascent neutron stars are discussed.
ER -